Greenland National Museum and Archives

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Nunatta Katersugaasivia Allagaateqarfialu
Greenland National Museum.jpg
The historical part of the building of the National Museum - the rest of it hidden behind it (2017)
Data
place Nuuk coordinates: 64 ° 10 ′ 37.9 ″  N , 51 ° 44 ′ 46.5 ″  W.World icon
Art
National Museum / Archives
architect especially Helge Bojsen-Møller
opening 1966
Number of visitors (annually) 16,803 (2018)
management
Daniel Thorleifsen (Director)
Website

The Greenland National Museum and archive ( Danish Greenland's National Museum og Arkiv , Greenlandic Nunatta Katersugaasivia Allagaateqarfialu , NKA ) is the merger of the National Museum and the National Archive of Greenland .

history

The Herrnhuter building, the old location of the museum

In 1965 a museum was opened in Nuuk for the first time. It was located in building B-7, the old mission building of the Moravian Brethren from 1747. On August 23, 1966, it was named the Greenland State Museum. At first the museum was privately operated. In 1978 it moved to its current location. From 1982 onwards, a large part of the Greenland collection of the Danish National Museum (around 35,000 objects) was returned to Greenland.

The state archive was founded on November 1st, 1982. It was originally located on the site of today's state library (B-1728). On January 1, 1991, both institutions were merged under their current name and in the following year, the state archive moved to the museum after renovations.

building

The National Museum and Archives consists of several buildings. The main part consists of the first three interconnected buildings. There are other smaller NKA buildings in the vicinity.

  • B-66 : The building was constructed in the 1930s. It later received a modern extension. In B-66 there is an exhibition, a museum magazine and the museum library.
  • B-1859 : The building dates from 1928. It became the first building for the state archive in 1991/92, but since 2007 has again housed a museum exhibition.
  • B-1860 : The building was built in 1924. Today there are two museum exhibitions in it.
  • B-36 : This house is the museum workshop. It was built in 1851 on the foundations of old church buildings.
  • B-43 : The building dates from 1841 and is now the museum's guest apartment.
  • B-70 : The building erected in 1846 is now the museum warehouse.
  • B-74 : The building was constructed in the late 1900s. It served as a cooperage for a long time and today accordingly houses the museum's cooperage exhibition.
  • B-81 : This building was erected in 1927. Today it serves as a museum magazine.

All museum buildings are protected. For detailed descriptions of the history and architecture of each building, see the List of Monuments in Nuuk .

museum

The Church of Hvalsey , the best preserved building in the Grænlendingar
One of the Qilakitsoq mummies

The museum houses the following exhibitions:

  • De første mennesker (“The First People”) deals with the early history of Greenland, which began with the immigration of the first Inuit cultures 4,500 years ago. Up to the year 1250 AD, information is provided about the technology, economy and social structure of the early Greenlanders.
  • Arktiske bønder - Nordboerne i Grønland ("Arctic farmers - The Grænlendingar in Greenland") deals with the time of the Northmen who came from Iceland from the 11th to the 15th centuries. The exhibition covers, among other things, the everyday life of the farming community, their beliefs and their voyages of discovery.
  • Nye mennesker - Thulekulturen ("New People - the Thule Culture") deals with the early days of today's Inuit culture in Greenland, which began with immigration around 1200. The ethnographic collection mainly describes people's everyday lives. This exhibition houses the museum's most important find, the mummies of Qilakitsoq .
  • Inuits transportmidler ("The Inuit Means of Transport") is an exhibition devoted to the traditional means of transport used by Greenlanders: kayaks , umiaks and dog sleds .
  • Livstil og klasseskel (“Lifestyle and Class Differences ”) deals with the Greenlandic colonial period from 1721 and addresses the differences between the life of the Greenlandic population and the European colonialists. Traditional Greenlandic clothing can also be found in this exhibition.
  • Communication skaber folk ("Communication creates people") deals with the development of the Greenlandic identity from the colonized hunter people to the independence of Greenland today. A special focus is on the development of the Greenlandic church and school system, politics, transport and telecommunications as well as the growing geopolitical importance of Greenland since the Second World War.
  • Bødkerværkstedet (“The Cooper's Workshop ”) shows how a cooper used to make barrels.
  • Trankogeriet ( "The Trankocherei") explains how previously Tran produced from whale blubber.
  • In addition, the museum shows alternating special exhibitions lasting several months.

archive

The archive includes a broad collection of Greenlandic archival material, e. B .:

  • The church archives include u. A. Church books, mission archives, school archives, sermons, letters, diaries
  • The inspectorate archives include A. National demographic and economic statistics and political minutes of meetings
  • The colonial administrator archives include u. A. Similar statistics at the colonial district and letter level
  • The municipal archives include A. Letters, school archives and minutes at the community level
  • The seminar archive includes A. Letters, sermons and information about the students at Grønland's seminary .
  • The country's directorate archives from 1979
  • Private archives of individuals and organizations
  • The drawing archive with construction plans of the buildings from the architectural office of Grønlands Tekniske Organization (GTO)

The parish registers, a large photo collection and the Umanak's guest book are some of the archival material that can be accessed online.

A large part of the South Greenland inspectorate archive was lost in 1959 when the Hans Hedtoft went down .

heritage Site

A tupilak
Traditional Greenland women costumes
Anda Kûitse , Greenland drum dancer

The Greenland National Museum and Archives are responsible for protecting the Greenlandic cultural heritage. This includes the intangible cultural heritage as well as structural remains from the early days and the protection of historical monuments .

The following areas fall under the intangible cultural heritage of Greenland:

  • Greenland skinning
  • Greenlandic national costumes of women
  • Greenlandic costume for men
  • the Inuit body-based measurement system
  • Amulets
  • Tupilaat
  • Inuit tattoos
  • Greenlandic sacrificial rituals
  • the Greenlandic understanding of the sky
  • serratit (Greenlandic magic spells)
  • the Greenlandic belief in two worlds, the normal and the superhuman, which is only accessible to shamans and in which souls live
  • Inuit law governing the use of natural resources
  • the Greenlandic storytelling tradition with the associated Inuit myths
  • Greenlandic throat singing
  • traditional Greenlandic songs
  • Greenlandic drum singing
  • qutsaserneq (Greenlandic festival dances for special events, for example an outstanding catch)
  • uaajerneq (Greenlandic mask dance)
  • aasiviit (summer living spaces )
  • the Greenlandic Christmas tradition
  • kalattut arsarneq (the Greenlandic ball game)
  • the Greenland kayak championship
  • ningerneq (the division of the prey in the shared apartment)
  • pajugutit (donation of the hunting prey in the shared apartment)
  • qaminngarneq (the tradition of communal and detached change of sexual partners for one night)
  • mitaarneq (a tradition of dressing up and dancing from house to house, based on a mixture of the Inuit tradition and the Three Kings Day )
  • pernarneq (the festival in honor of a young hunter's first successful hunt)
  • perusineq (the amusing imitation of someone else's outstanding achievement)
  • Greenland's national holiday on June 21st
  • ullukinneq (the festival of the winter solstice )

The list of architectural monuments in Greenland includes all listed buildings and buildings in Greenland that are worth preserving.

Web links

Commons : National Museum of Greenland  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Annual report 2018 (p. 41) at da.nka.gl
  2. ↑ a b NKA's history at da.nka.gl
  3. ↑ Samlingerne at da.nka.gl
  4. ↑ NKA's bygninger at da.nka.gl
  5. ↑ Udstillinger at da.nka.gl
  6. ↑ Hvad find the i Grønlands Nationalarkiv? at da.nka.gl
  7. ↑ Arkivalier på nettet at da.nka.gl
  8. ↑ M / S Hans Hedtoft at katak.gl
  9. ↑ Kulturarv og fredning at da.nka.gl
  10. ↑ Immaterial emner at da.nka.gl