Grønlands Seminarium

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Ilinniarfissuaq
motto Qummut - Siumut
(Upward - Forward)
founding 1845
place Nuuk
Head of Institute Britta Lohmann
Students 220 (1996)
Annual budget 19 million DKK (1996)
Website da.uni.gl

Grønlands Seminarium (today Ilinniarfissuaq , translated as large place of learning ) is the teachers seminar of Greenland . It is located in Nuuk . With its almost 175-year history, Grønland's Seminarium plays an extraordinary role in Greenland's educational history .

history

Emergence

Rasmus Berthelsen, who for a long time was the central figure in Greenlandic teaching.

In the 18th century, the Grønlandske Seminary in Copenhagen was set up to prepare for theological work in Greenland. It soon turned out that the Greenlandic language skills of the Danish students were often inadequate , which was criticized in particular by Wilhelm Mathias Olrik, businessman in Maniitsoq and father of the later inspector Christian Søren Marcus Olrik . In 1835 a commission was set up to look for solutions to problems. After all, it was thought easier to teach Greenlanders Danish and use them as missionaries and catechists than to teach the Danes a sufficient level of Greenlandic, which was supported by Inspector Carl Peter Holbøll . So for the time being some young Greenlanders were sent to Denmark, where they received theological training, although this idea was hardly used. The most successful student here was Rasmus Berthelsen , who would later play an elementary role in Greenlandic teaching. It was recognized that it would be more intelligent to train the Greenlanders in their homeland and so there were plans to set up at least one seminar in Greenland. In 1838 the pastor Peter Andreas Fenger proposed the establishment of two teachers' seminars, one in northern Greenland in Ilulissat and one in southern Greenland in Nuuk. The plan was to train the Greenlanders in Danish to such an extent that they could translate the Gospel of Luke and a biblical letter into Greenlandic and understand light Danish poems and books before the actual theological training to become pastors took place. The establishment of the seminars was seen as a great opportunity to civilize the Greenland population more strongly. In 1844 King Christian VIII approved the establishment of two seminaries, which then opened a year later as planned in Ilulissat and Nuuk. In Ilulissat at Ajoqersuivissuaq (large place of teaching) great importance was attached to the Danish lessons, while in Nuuk at Ilinniarfissuaq the opposite happened. The seminar leaders were much more concerned with the teaching of Christianity and only the Greenlander Rasmus Berthelsen criticized the fact that the lessons were only held in Greenlandic and that the students were hardly taught any knowledge of Danish. In 1875 the seminary in Ilulissat was closed and Grønland's seminary in Nuuk remained the only theological training center for teachers and catechists in Greenland.

building

View of Nuuk. The house in the center of the picture with the yellow gables is today's seminar. The light blue building at the bottom left is the one in use from 1845 to 1847. Behind (cut off) is the provost's apartment, which was used from 1847 to 1907. The building with the light roof behind the seminar is the gymnastics room. Títo can be seen shifted slightly back to the right of the seminar building. The house with the two dormers to the left of the seminar building is the Eskimoslottet. The green buildings to the right of the Títo are Qorsussuaq.
Coat of arms of the Nuuk municipality
The main building with the Rasmus Berthelsen monument

At first there was no building of its own, so classes took place in the inspector's apartment. (Map)

In 1847 the provost's apartment was completed, which was built directly north of the inspector's apartment on the eastern neighboring property of Annaassisitta oqaluffia for the purpose of seminars . In the three-story building, two classrooms were set up on the ground floor, the headmaster, or later provost, lived on the upper floor, while an archive and warehouse were housed in the attic. (Map)

In 1905 it was decided again to build a new building. The house, which is still in use today, stands about 230 m further northeast and was inaugurated on September 18, 1907. (Map) At this point in time the subjects religion, church history, Greenlandic, Danish, arithmetic, writing, general world history, cultural history, natural history, geography, health studies, gymnastics, practical work, kayaking, hunting, housework, etc. taught. In 1951 girls were also allowed to take classes beyond the Efterskole , and the upper floor became a girls' seminar.

The gymnastics room was completed in 1908 for gymnastics lessons. The building, which was rather large for the time, was originally located directly behind the seminar building and was also used as a culture and meeting house, cinema and meeting building for Grønlands Landsråd . The decolonization talks between North and South Greenland and Denmark's Minister of State Hans Hedtoft also took place there in 1948. In 1968, two new wings were built on the seminar building, which tripled the size of the building. The gym was moved about 25 m to the north. (Map)

From 1922 to 1923 the old rector's apartment was built a good 100 m southwest of the seminarium, which also housed an office and a conference room. (Map)

North of the gymnastics room is the former utility building, completed in 1928, on the ground floor of which there was space for over fifty students to eat and which also contained a kitchen and a laundry room. The housekeeper and kitchen assistants lived in the attic. A hatch in the washroom also leads to the basement, which was used as a cold room. In 1960 the building was replaced in its function. (Map)

From 1935 to 1936 four student houses were built to cope with the growing number of students, of which only two still exist today. In three of the dormitories there was room for 20 students in two rooms each, in the fourth another 12. The Títo building , located directly next to the seminar , was named after the original Tittus "Tittukasik" Lorentzen, who supplied the seminar students with sandwiches in the middle of the 20th century cut people's hair in the city, is now used by high school as a music store. (Map)

In 1903 a second hospital was built in Nuuk. In 1940 the building was converted and from then on served as the teacher's apartment for the seminarium and later as the rector's apartment. (Map)

In 1933 a third hospital was built in Nuuk, now known as Det gamle sygehus (The Old Hospital) . In 1967 it was turned into a nursing home and since 1974 it has been used as a teaching and office building. It is located not far from the old inspector's apartment directly south of the mountain with the Hans Egede monument near the colony harbor. (Map)

From 1951 to 1958 the seminary was closed and Greenlanders were taught in Danish seminars. After reopening as a pure teachers' seminar without catechist training, the Atuarfissuaq school building, which was built in 1919 on the other side of the street, was taken over. In 1931 the building was moved to its current position directly west of the seminary. The building was used by him as a residential building, and because of the cold prevailing in the building, it was affectionately called Eskimoslottet (The Eskimo Castle) . (Map)

The Qorsussuaq (Big Green) , consisting of four large green individual buildings attached to one another , was built from 1953 to 1954 as a secondary school . Two of the buildings now belong to the seminarium, the other two to the nautical school and the decentralized educational institution. (Map)

There are four monuments in honor of Jørgen Brønlund , Rasmus Berthelsen , Lars Møller and Jonathan Petersen on the site of the seminar .

The main building can be seen as the symbol of the city on the coat of arms of the former municipality of Nuuk .

today

The Ilinniarfissuaq has been used purely as a teacher training college since the 1950s. After decolonization, instruction was increasingly carried out according to Danish standards, but the opposite has been the case since the introduction of the Hjemmestyre in the 1980s.

At the beginning of 2008 the Ilinniarfissuaq was incorporated into the University of Greenland , where it has been an institute ever since . Bachelor courses are offered , as well as a degree as a candidate . Further training courses are also offered.

In 1996, Ilinniarfissuaq had 220 students, 145 of whom were teacher students, divided into seven classes. The budget was about 19 million crowns.

List of colonial employees until 1921

Seminar in Nuuk

The following leaders and teachers were employed in Nuuk until 1921.

ladder

Teacher

  • 1847–1848: Carl Julius Emil Jørgensen
  • 1847–1901: Rasmus Storm Josva Berthel Berthelsen (unordinated)
  • 1849–1851: Carl Emil Janssen
  • 1851-1853: Peder Raae
  • 1853–1855: Frederik Theodor Barfoed
  • 1855–1857: Haldor Ferdinand Jørgensen
  • 1858–1861: Christian Heilmann Rosen
  • 1859–1886: Samuel Petrus Kleinschmidt (unordinated)
  • 1865–1866: Jacob Christian August Steenberg
  • 1883–1884: Erneĸ Jens Lars Johan Berthelsen
  • 1889–1890: Hans Andreas Jakob Theophilus Hansen
  • 1898–1899: Christian Wilhelm Schultz-Lorentzen
  • 1899–1900: Hans Andreas Jakob Theophilus Hansen
  • 1900: -0000Harald Vilhelm Kristensen
  • 1902–1903: Valdemar Christoffer Frederiksen
  • 1903–1904: Knud Otto Georg Wassmann
  • 1904–1905: Carl Ferdinand Wagner
  • from 1904: Jonathan Petersen (unordinated)
  • 1906–1907: Hother Berthel Simon Ostermann
  • 1906–1908: Jens Johannes Sørensen Gandrup (unordinated)
  • 1907–1908: Carl Ferdinand Wagner
  • 1908–1909: Rasmus Jørgen Nielsen
  • 1908–1910: Karl Johan Pavia Chemnitz (unordinated)
  • 1909–1910: Nikolaj Frederik Severin Balle
  • 1909–1919: Kristen Røjkjær (unordinated)
  • 1910–1911: Knud Balle and Hans Christian Rossen
  • 1911–1912: Michael Mathias Johannes Storch
  • 1912–1913: Knud Balle
  • 1913–1916: Rasmus Jørgen Nielsen
  • 1914–1915: Povl Rostgaard (unordinated, interim)
  • 1915–1917: Karl Johan Kornelius John Niels Chemnitz (disorganized)
  • 1916–1921: Harald Emanuel Mortensen
  • 1917–1918: Svend Peter Christian Rosing (unordinated)
  • from 1920: 00.Aage Nissen (unordinated)

Seminar in Ilulissat

The seminary in Ilulissat had the following leaders and teachers in its history.

ladder

  • 1846–1850: Gottfred Martin Quirinus Christophersen
  • 1850-1851: Knud Diderik Nøsted
  • 1851–1858: Jacob Frederik Rudolph Wolf
  • 1858–1863: Niels Peter Simonsen
  • 1863–1869: Ulrik Peter Christian Nissen
  • 1869–1870: Nikolaj Edinger Balle (interim)
  • 1870–1872: Ulrik Peter Christian Nissen
  • 1872–1875: Thøger Sørensen
  • 1901-1903: Mads Rasmussen
  • 1903–1904: Hother Ostermann (interim)
  • 1904–1907: Mads Rasmussen

Teacher

literature

  • Henrik Wilhjelm: De store opdragere. Grønland's seminar in the 19th annual speech . Grønlandske Selskab, Copenhagen 1997, ISBN 87-87925-24-9 .
  • Henrik Wilhjelm: De nye grønlændere. Grønland's seminar in the 19th annual speech . Grønlandske Selskab, Copenhagen 2008, ISBN 978-87-87925-42-6 .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Jens Chr. Manniche: Sprogbeherskelse og Herskersprog - om sprog and colonialism in Greenland in 1800-tallet. at kamikposten.dk (.pdf)
  2. ↑ De historiske bygninger omkring Ilinniarfissuaq on the website of the University of Greenland (.pdf)
  3. ↑ Ilinniarfissuaq in Den Store Danske
  4. ↑ Institute for Læring on the side of the University of Greenland
  5. ↑ Forskningsaktiviteter på Færøerne og Grønland: forskningsamarbejde i Vestnorden I., Volume 1. Nordic Council of Ministers, 1997, ISBN 9289301260 , p. 143ff.
  6. ^ Hother Ostermann : Beskrivelse af Distrikterne i Sydgrønland: Godthaab District. History. Danske Embedsmænd ved Godthaab . In: Georg Carl Amdrup , Louis Bobé , Adolf Severin Jensen , Hans Peder Steensby (eds.): Grønland i tohundredeaaret for Hans Egedes landing (=  Meddelelser om Grønland . Volume 60-61 ). tape 2 . C. A. Reitzel Boghandel, Copenhagen 1921, p. 293 ff . ( Digitized in the Internet Archive ).
  7. ^ Hother Ostermann : Beskrivelse af Distrikterne i Nordgrønland: Jakobshavn District. History . In: Georg Carl Amdrup , Louis Bobé , Adolf Severin Jensen , Hans Peder Steensby (eds.): Grønland i tohundredeaaret for Hans Egedes landing (=  Meddelelser om Grønland . Volume 60-61 ). tape 1 . C. A. Reitzel Boghandel, Copenhagen 1921, p. 187 f . ( Digitized in the Internet Archive ).