Greenland i tohundredeaaret for Hans Egedes landing

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Grønland i tohundredeaaret for Hans Egedes landing ( German  Greenland for the bicentenary since Hans Egedes landing ) is a two-volume work that was published in 1921 on the occasion of the 200th anniversary of the colonization of Greenland by Hans Egede . It appeared as volumes 60 and 61 in the scientific book series Meddelelser om Grønland and describes Greenland in detail in various scientific fields. It was published by the Commissions for ledelsen af ​​de geologiske og geografiske undersøgelser i Greenland . The publisher was the bookstore CA Reitzel in Copenhagen . It was printed in Bianco Lunds Bogtrykkeri .

Emergence

According to the preface, the idea for the work came about in 1913 by Louis Bobé and Adolf Severin Jensen . The two volumes were intended as the successor to Hinrich Johannes Rink's books Grønland (1852–1857) and Danish Greenland (1877), which were already clearly out of date after half a century. The work should be an "authoritative work on Greenland", which should serve as a "practical manual for officials and travelers in Greenland".

The Kommissions for Grønlands geologiske og geografiske Undersøgelse had the same idea as early as 1906, but did not carry it out for the time being. Although the commission was of the opinion that only they had the right to publish such a book, they allowed the creation because of the preparatory work already done, whereby they had Amdrup and Steensby participate as commissioners on the publication. In addition to a two-volume Danish work, the commission proposed a three-volume English edition on the geography of Greenland.

A number of well-known Greenland researchers and experts were selected for the drafting.

For the creation of the work, Bobé collected all of Greenland's archives, which were then transferred to the two newly established national archives in the two Greenland parts of North Greenland and South Greenland .

The English work was financed by the Carlsberg Foundation , while the Danish work was financed by the state, which provided 24,000 kr. budgeted in the state budget. However, the cost later rose to 90,000 kr. The director of Grønlands Styrelse , Jens Daugaard-Jensen, also provided great support during the creation . Initially, Steensby was editor-in-chief, after his death in 1920, Bobé took over this task.

The first part of the work was the description of the colonial district Jakobshavn by Porsild, Ostermann and Krogh, who provided the template for the rest of the book. Amdrup was responsible for collecting visuals. Ostermann was ultimately the proofreader for Greenlandic names.

The two volumes appeared punctually for the 200th anniversary of the colonization of Greenland on July 3, 1921. The English edition apparently never appeared, which was probably due to Steensby's death.

Authors

Georg Carl Amdrup
Hans Peder Steensby
Morten P. Porsild

Editors of the work were:

  • Georg Carl Amdrup (1866-1947): Amdrup was a Danish naval officer and polar explorer. He had led an expedition to East Greenland from 1898 to 1900, during which the coast was mapped. Amdrup was replaced by Holm as part of the editorial team because of a war mission from March 1916 to December 1918.
  • Louis Bobé (1867–1951): Bobé was a Danish historian. He had toured Greenland from 1912 to 1915 to collect material describing the country.
  • Adolf Severin Jensen (1866–1953): Jensen was a Danish zoologist. From 1908 to 1909 he headed a hydrographic and fisheries biology study in Greenland and was responsible for the expansion of the Greenland fisheries in the 20th century.
  • Hans Peder Steensby (1875-1920): Steensby was a Danish geographer. He made a special contribution to ethnographic and anthropological research on the origins of the Eskimo. Steensby died before the work was completed.

The following authors were involved:

  • Ole Bendixen (1869-1958): Bendixen was a Danish merchant. He worked in Greenland from 1893. From 1903 to 1914 he was an inspector for South Greenland.
  • Alfred Bertelsen (1877–1950): Bertelsen was a Danish doctor. From 1905 he was a district doctor in Uummannaq .
  • Louis Bobé : see above
  • Hans Jensen Bryder (1887–1971): Bryder was a Danish doctor. From 1915 to 1920 he was a district doctor in Upernavik .
  • Ove Balthasar Bøggild (1872–1956): Bøggild was a Danish mineralogist. From 1900 he researched the mineralogical conditions in Greenland.
  • Rørd Regnar Johannes Hammer (1855–1930): Hammer was a Danish naval officer. He had taken part in several expedition trips in West Greenland around 1880 and was chairman of Det Grønlandske Selskab from 1910 to 1921 .
  • Gustav Frederik Holm (1849–1940): Holm was a Danish naval officer and polar explorer. He was involved in expeditions in Greenland from the 1870s. From 1883 to 1885 he led the women's boat expedition , which resulted in the colonization of East Greenland.
  • Johan Madsen Krogh (1879–1936): Krogh was a Danish merchant. From 1902 he worked in commercial services in Greenland, from 1919 as colonial administrator.
  • Hother Ostermann (1876–1950): Ostermann was a Danish pastor. From 1901 he was active as a pastor and seminar teacher in Greenland. From 1915 onwards he worked as a genealogist for Greenlandic families of European descent.
  • Johan Petersen (1867–1960): Petersen was a Greenlandic merchant. He accompanied Holm on the women's boat expedition and was the first trade administrator of the Ammassalik trading post from 1894 to 1916 .
  • Morten P. Porsild (1872–1956): Porsild was a Danish botanist. From around 1900 he researched the flora of Greenland. In 1906 he built the Arctic Station in Qeqertarsuaq .
  • Knud Rasmussen (1879–1933): Rasmussen was a Greenland polar explorer. In 1909/10 he founded the Thule mission and trading post in Uummannaq and was thus the colonizer of North Greenland.
  • Knud Stephensen (1882–1947): Stephensen was a Danish zoologist. As a carcinologist he researched the crustaceans of Greenland from 1913.

Other contributors were:

  • Lauge Koch (1892–1964) appears in the book as a co-author.
  • Marius Ib Nyeboe (1967–1946), who was the initiator of mining in Greenland from 1907, is also named as co-author in the foreword.
  • Carl Ryder (1858–1923) as director of the Danish Meteorological Institute created the climate tables for East Greenland.
  • Hans Peter Simonsen, who worked as a draftsman in the sea chart archive, made all the maps in the book.
  • Christian Julius Hansen Speerschneider (1864–1938) and Hans Jensen Hansen (1875–1968) checked the geological, zoological, hydrographic and meteorological overviews in collaboration with Bøggild and Jensen.
  • Carl Frederik Wandel (1843–1930), as President of the Commission, is a co-signatory of the foreword.

construction

  • part 1
    • Preface (3 pages):
      • The foreword shows the genesis of the work. It was signed by Carl Frederik Wandel, Amdrup, Bøggild, Holm, Bobé and Jensen.
    • Part 1 (174 pages): General overview:
      • General overview (pp. 1–174): The first part was written by Hammer, with the assistance of Bøggild, Porsild and Stephensen. It begins with a section from Hammer about the geography of Greenland, especially about the ice conditions with a regional description of northwest Greenland to the south and then from southeast Greenland to the north. This is followed by a chapter on the geology of Bøggild. The following part on the Greenlandic climate was again written by Hammer. This is followed by a chapter on the flora of Porsild, then on the fauna of Stephensen. The following ethnographic section on culture was written by Porsild. The rest of the general overview was again written by Hammer. It consists of a chapter on demography, followed by a chapter on hunting and the standard of living of the Greenlandic population, a chapter on trade, administration, the legal system, the church and school system, health care, language and literature and scientific stations in Greenland . This is followed by a detailed chapter on Greenlandic history since the arrival of the Grænlendingar in the Middle Ages, a separate chapter on the medical history of Greenland and the history of expeditions.
    • Part 2 (567 pages): Description of the districts in North Greenland
      • The second part consists of individual descriptions for each colonial district in North Greenland at the time.
        • Colonial district Egedesminde (pp. 1–90): The part begins with chapters on geography, geology, glaciology, climate, flora and fauna, each written by Porsild. This is followed by a description of Ostermann's demography, economy, technology, trade and administration. The following part of the history with the lists of all colonial administrators, missionaries and district doctors and individual descriptions of all inhabited places in the colonial district with the history of the respective places was also written by Ostermann.
        • Colonial district Christianshaab (pp. 91–150): The part begins with chapters on geography, geology, glaciology, climate, flora and fauna, which were also written by Porsild. This is followed by a demographic part of Ostermann. The following section on economics was written partly by Krogh and partly by Ostermann. The chapter on technology is from Krogh. Trade, administration, history and descriptions of places were described by Ostermann.
        • Colonial district Jakobshavn (p. 151–208): The descriptions of geography, geology, glaciology, climate, flora and fauna were again written by Porsild. The demographic part was written by Ostermann and Krogh, as was the chapter on economics. The chapter on technology is from Krogh. Trade, administration and history were again described by Ostermann. Ostermann and Krogh wrote the place descriptions together.
        • Colonial district Ritenbenk (pp. 209–271): Porsild wrote the chapters on geography, geology, glaciology, climate, flora and fauna again. Ostermann was responsible for the sections on demography, economy, technology, trade, administration, history and the descriptions of places.
        • Colonial Godhavn District (pp. 272–341): Here Porsild wrote the chapters on geography, geology, glaciology, climate, flora, fauna, demography, economy, trade and administration. The following section on the history comes from Ostermann, while the descriptions of the place were written by Ostermann and Porsild together.
        • Colonial district Ũmánaĸ (pp. 342–429): In this part Porsild wrote the chapters on geography, geology, glaciology, climate, flora and fauna again. The part on demography, economy, technology, trade, administration was written by Bertelsen. Ostermann was responsible for the story again. The location descriptions come from Bertelsen and Ostermann.
        • Colonial District Upernivik (pp. 430–516): Porsild also wrote the sections on geography, geology, glaciology, climate, flora and fauna here, although Bryder and Koch are named as co-authors. The part on demographics, economics, technology, commerce, administration and location descriptions is from Bryder. Finally the chapter on the story of Ostermann follows.
        • (Colonial) District Thule (pp. 517–567): Because the district has a different history than West Greenland around ten years after its colonization, the chapter is structured completely differently. It begins with an introduction, followed by a description of the history, geography, glaciology, economy and hydrography of Melville Bay , the geography, glaciology, demography and economy of the west coast of the district, and finally the geography, economy, demography, climate and flora of the northernmost part of the district. This is followed by a section on history, religion, everyday life, clothing and housing of the population, as well as mission and trade. The entire chapter was written by Rasmussen.
  • Volume 2
    • Part 3 (661 pages): Description of the districts in South Greenland
      • The third part consists of individual descriptions for each colonial district in South Greenland at the time.
        • Holsteinsborg Colonial District (pp. 1–94): The chapter consists of sections on geography, geology, climate, flora, fauna, demography, economy, hunting, technology, trade and administration as well as descriptions of the places, all of which were written by Bendixen. The following part of the story is from Bobé.
        • Sukkertoppen Colonial District (pp. 95–175): The chapter is structured in the same way as the first chapter.
        • Colonial district Godthaab (pp. 176–296): This chapter also follows the same structure, but the historical part is much more detailed than in the other chapters.
        • Frederikshaab Colonial District (pp. 297–373): The same structure was chosen here as well.
        • Julianehaab Colonial District (pp. 374–559): The chapter is structured in the same way. However, this district description is the most detailed of all.
        • (Colonial) Angmagssalik District (pp. 560–661): Parallel to the Thule District, the chapter on the newly colonized East Greenland was not written by the other authors. It consists of a description of the geography, geology, climate, flora, fauna, demography, culture of the inhabitants, economy, technology, trade, administration, a description of the trade and mission station and a detailed section on the history of the district with a focus on a millennial Expedition history. The entire chapter was written together by Holm and Petersen.
    • Part 4 (95 pages): Biographical information
      • Biographical information (pp. 662–756): The fourth part consists of an alphabetical biographical lexicon, which is written in key words. It was written by Ostermann and includes all trade and church employees named in the lists of persons who were active in Greenland until 1921.
    • Part 5 (39 pages): Register
      • Several registers follow in the fifth part.
        • Etymological Register of Names (pp. 757–764): The fifth part is a dictionary that translates hundreds of names of geographical objects from Greenlandic into Danish . It was also written by Ostermann.
        • Location register (pp. 764–787): The location register includes all geographical objects named in the two volumes, including the page number.
        • Subject index (pp. 787–791): The subject index includes other terms mentioned in the book.
        • Register of persons (pp. 791–795): In the register of persons, all persons named in the texts are listed again.
    • Part 6: Atlas
      • The sixth part is a collection of 22 maps, including an overall geographic map, a geological map, four maps of the Grænlendingar settlements, fourteen maps of the individual districts and one map each of the Godthaab colony and Julianehaab colony , which were too large to print them in the book as usual in the other places.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ See title page.
  2. ↑ a b c See foreword.
  3. ↑ Mads Lidegaard , Hother Ostermann : GC Amdrup . In: Svend Cedergreen Bech , Svend Dahl (eds.): Dansk biografisk leksikon . Founded by Carl Frederik Bricka , continued by Povl Engelstoft. 3. Edition. 16 volumes, 1979–1984. Gyldendal, Copenhagen (Danish, biografiskleksikon.lex.dk ).
  4. ↑ Thelma Jexlev, Bjørn Kornerup: Louis Bobe . In: Svend Cedergreen Bech , Svend Dahl (eds.): Dansk biografisk leksikon . Founded by Carl Frederik Bricka , continued by Povl Engelstoft. 3. Edition. 16 volumes, 1979–1984. Gyldendal, Copenhagen (Danish, biografiskleksikon.lex.dk ).
  5. ↑ Torben Wolff: Ad. S. Jensen . In: Svend Cedergreen Bech , Svend Dahl (eds.): Dansk biografisk leksikon . Founded by Carl Frederik Bricka , continued by Povl Engelstoft. 3. Edition. 16 volumes, 1979–1984. Gyldendal, Copenhagen (Danish, biografiskleksikon.lex.dk ).
  6. ^ Gudmund Hatt: HP Steensby . In: Svend Cedergreen Bech , Svend Dahl (eds.): Dansk biografisk leksikon . Founded by Carl Frederik Bricka , continued by Povl Engelstoft. 3. Edition. 16 volumes, 1979–1984. Gyldendal, Copenhagen (Danish, biografiskleksikon.lex.dk ).
  7. ↑ Leif Vanggaard: Ole Bendixen . Biography Leksikon for Grønland.
  8. ^ Mads Lidegaard: Alfred Bertelsen . In: Svend Cedergreen Bech , Svend Dahl (eds.): Dansk biografisk leksikon . Founded by Carl Frederik Bricka , continued by Povl Engelstoft. 3. Edition. 16 volumes, 1979–1984. Gyldendal, Copenhagen (Danish, biografiskleksikon.lex.dk ).
  9. ↑ Leif Vanggaard: Hans Jensen Bryder . Biography Leksikon for Grønland.
  10. ^ Erik Kristiansen, SA Andersen: OB Bøggild . In: Svend Cedergreen Bech , Svend Dahl (eds.): Dansk biografisk leksikon . Founded by Carl Frederik Bricka , continued by Povl Engelstoft. 3. Edition. 16 volumes, 1979–1984. Gyldendal, Copenhagen (Danish, biografiskleksikon.lex.dk ).
  11. ↑ Johnny E. Balsved: Hammer, Rord RJ Danish Naval History / Wafer history.
  12. ^ Hans Christian Bjerg, Kaj Birket-Smith : G. Holm . In: Svend Cedergreen Bech , Svend Dahl (eds.): Dansk biografisk leksikon . Founded by Carl Frederik Bricka , continued by Povl Engelstoft. 3. Edition. 16 volumes, 1979–1984. Gyldendal, Copenhagen (Danish, biografiskleksikon.lex.dk ).
  13. ↑ Leif Vanggaard: Johan Madsen Krogh . Biography Leksikon for Grønland.
  14. ↑ Mads Lidegaard, Hans Knudsen: H. Ostermann . In: Svend Cedergreen Bech , Svend Dahl (eds.): Dansk biografisk leksikon . Founded by Carl Frederik Bricka , continued by Povl Engelstoft. 3. Edition. 16 volumes, 1979–1984. Gyldendal, Copenhagen (Danish, biografiskleksikon.lex.dk ).
  15. ↑ Mads Lidegaard: Joh. Petersen . In: Svend Cedergreen Bech , Svend Dahl (eds.): Dansk biografisk leksikon . Founded by Carl Frederik Bricka , continued by Povl Engelstoft. 3. Edition. 16 volumes, 1979–1984. Gyldendal, Copenhagen (Danish, biografiskleksikon.lex.dk ).
  16. ^ Anne Fox Maule: Morten P. Porsild . In: Svend Cedergreen Bech , Svend Dahl (eds.): Dansk biografisk leksikon . Founded by Carl Frederik Bricka , continued by Povl Engelstoft. 3. Edition. 16 volumes, 1979–1984. Gyldendal, Copenhagen (Danish, biografiskleksikon.lex.dk ).
  17. ^ Hother Ostermann: Knud Rasmussen . In: Svend Cedergreen Bech , Svend Dahl (eds.): Dansk biografisk leksikon . Founded by Carl Frederik Bricka , continued by Povl Engelstoft. 3. Edition. 16 volumes, 1979–1984. Gyldendal, Copenhagen (Danish, biografiskleksikon.lex.dk ).
  18. ↑ Torben Wolff: K. Stephensen . In: Svend Cedergreen Bech , Svend Dahl (eds.): Dansk biografisk leksikon . Founded by Carl Frederik Bricka , continued by Povl Engelstoft. 3. Edition. 16 volumes, 1979–1984. Gyldendal, Copenhagen (Danish, biografiskleksikon.lex.dk ).