Crypt book
The Book of the Tombs (also " Spruch von den 12 Grüften ") is the name of the ancient Egyptian Book of the Dead 168 (inventory number of the British Museum in London : BM 10010). It divides the Duat into twelve tombs and has close connections to the royal tombs. The associated vignette shows the three phases of the sun god Re , which were already documented in the pyramid texts . In terms of text, the saying of the 12 tombs is to be seen as an independent book of the afterlife.
Alexandra von Lieven also assumes that the verse of the Book of the Dead is based on templates from the Old Kingdom , as the first “7 tombs” are consistently missing. Even in the oldest testimony from the reign of Amenhotep II , the "7 tombs" are not available as a text. The discovered papyrus of the Book of the Dead 168 was in a wooden king figure that served as a burial object in one of the four side chambers. Only in the Osireion was the attempt made to reconstruct the tombs schematically.
The goddess of the hereafter, Ammit , can be seen iconographically in the grave book as a standing goddess under a canopy . She holds a snake as a scepter, which also functions as the front rod of the canopy.
literature
- Martina Minas-Nerpel: The God Chepri: Investigations into written documents and iconographic sources from the Old Kingdom to the Greco-Roman period . Peeters, Leuven 2006, ISBN 9-0429-1824-1 , pp. 140-141.
- Christian Leitz u. a .: Lexicon of Egyptian Gods and Designations of Gods (LGG) Vol. 2, Peeters, Leuven 2002, ISBN 9-0429-1147-6 , p. 115.
- Christine Seeber: Judgment of the Dead In: Investigations into the representation of the judgment of the dead in ancient Egypt. Deutscher Kunstverlag, Munich 1976, ISBN 3-4220-0828-4 , pp. 163-186.
- Alexandra von Lieven : Floor plan of the course of the stars - the so-called groove book. The Carsten Niebuhr Institute of Ancient Eastern Studies (et al.), Copenhagen 2007, ISBN 978-87-635-0406-5 , p. 209.
Individual evidence
- ↑ Book of the Dead 168a.