Grüner Graben (Eibenstock)
| Green ditch | ||
 Branch of the Grüner Graben from the Bockau |
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| Data | ||
| location | Germany | |
| River system | Elbe | |
| Drain over | Zwickauer Mulde → Mulde → Elbe → North Sea | |
| origin | between Wildenthal and Oberwildenthal 50 ° 26 '41 " N , 12 ° 38' 6" E |
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| muzzle | in the Zwickauer Mulde Coordinates: 50 ° 30 ′ 41 ″ N , 12 ° 36 ′ 11 ″ E 50 ° 30 ′ 41 ″ N , 12 ° 36 ′ 11 ″ E
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| length | 8 kilometers | |
The Grüner Graben is an artificial moat about eight kilometers long from the Große Bockau in Wildenthal to the former mining area Die Grün north of Eibenstock .
description
The ditch branches off not far from the Wildenthal cemetery. Another inlet was later created in what is now the Wildenthal Park. The section between the original beginning and the inlet in the park has dried up today, as the weir in the Große Bockau no longer exists. It runs next to the S 275 through the forests of the Eibenstock forest and crosses meadows and fields until it reaches Eibenstock.
history
At the turn of the 15th to the 16th century, tin mining in Eibenstock expanded considerably. The pewter washes and stamping works set up by the trades on the Grün suffered from a lack of water at that time; Water was an essential prerequisite for tin extraction. In order to remedy this problem, Elector August von Sachsen granted permission to build a trench in a recess on August 1, 1555. Construction began immediately after this award. The recess stipulated that the trench should be three-half [ie 3½] cubits or five man's shoes (approx. 2 meters) wide.
No files have been preserved about the construction time, costs and labor involved, as well as the trench itself. They were no longer available in 1784, as can be seen in a report from the miner Friedrich Gottlob Gläser to the Elector.
The citizens of Eibenstock quickly recognized the use of water as a driving force for water mills . In the 18th century there were seven grinding and board mills along the moat. The hammer mill in Wildenthal, which was built in 1611, has been using water power since 1650 and on November 7, 1781, Carl Gottlob Rauh , hammer mill owner in Wolfsgrün, received the Grüner Graben "inherently and peculiarly to operate" his hammer mill with all rights and justice. The water of the trench was also used for brewing. It was led through pipes to the brewery in Eibenstock. The elector was particularly interested in this because it secured income from the drink tax .
particularities
The gradient was very low, the difference in altitude is only around 15 meters after about 3.5 kilometers.
In the recession of 1555 it was stipulated that any illegal abstraction of water and the rafting of wood were prohibited. The trench was kurfürstliches property whose administration and supervision by the mining authorities Eibenstock with the participation of the Office Schwarzenberg (as Prison Service) took place. Water withdrawals could only be permitted through an electoral recess in connection with the submission of the tithe . There have been many disputes over time, and even persistent and protracted lawsuits have been conducted over the water of the trench. After frequent complaints about unauthorized “knocking out” of water, a ditch climber was used. According to instructions from 1720, he had to walk into the ditch, repair minor damage that impeded the watercourse immediately and report any unauthorized “rashes”. This instruction existed until 1783.
present
Until the end of the 70s of the 20th century, the ditch served as an additional feed for the water network of Eibenstock. With the construction of the water connection to the Carlsfeld drinking water dam , it lost its importance.
A hiking trail between Eibenstock and Wildenthal has been running along the Grabenlauf for decades.
literature
- Herbert Heinrich: The Grüner Graben - History about a mining monument near Eibenstock. In: Sächsische Heimatblätter . Vol. 30, 1984, pp. 21-22, ISSN 0486-8234 .
- Otfried Wagenbreth et al .: Mining in the Ore Mountains . Technical monuments and history. Ed .: Otfried Wagenbreth, Eberhard Wächtler . 1st edition. German publishing house for basic industry, Leipzig 1990, ISBN 3-342-00509-2 , p. 504 .
Web links
- Photos in the "MontE" database of the Institute for Science and Technology History (IWTG) at the Technical University of Freiberg: 1 , 2 , 3 , 4
