Graia

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Graia ( Greek  Γραία ) was an ancient Greek settlement in Boeotia .

Mentioned by Homer in the Iliad alongside Thespeia and Mykalessos, the city was later thought to be lost. Post-poems based on Homer mention them. Callimachos and later Strabo and Pausanias already equated them with Tanagra . In contrast, Aristotle recognized the Homeric Graia in the city of Oropos . The true Alexander Mazarakis Ainian to as excavators in Oropos, but the question remains unresolved.

The connection between city names and the Grai (or Graeci , Γραικοί ), as the Roman name of the Hellenes was, is unclear. Accordingly, the founders of the southern Italian colony Neapolis ( Naples ) come from Graia and were accordingly referred to by the Latins as Graeci ; the entire area of ​​the Greek colonies in southern Italy was named Magna Graecia and later the name Graeci was transferred to the inhabitants of the Greek peninsula, who called themselves Hellenes .

literature

  • Hartmut Beister: In search of the Homeric Graia in Boeotia. In: Eckart Olshausen (ed.): Stuttgart Colloquium on the historical geography of antiquity (= Geographica historica. Volume 4). Habelt, Bonn 1987, pp. 51-80.
  • Martin Fell: Graia. In: The New Pauly (DNP). Volume 4, Metzler, Stuttgart 1998, ISBN 3-476-01474-6 , column 1195 f.
  • Alexander Mazarakis Ainian , M. Mouliou (Ed.): Αρχαιολογικές Αναζητήσεις: Ανασκαφές στην Ομηρική Γραία (catalog for the exhibition at the University of Thessaly from June 18 to September 26, 2004). University of Thessaly, Volos 2008. English edition: Archaeological Quests: Excavations at Homeric Graia. Volos 2008.
  • Julius Miller : Graia 1. In: Paulys Realencyclopadie der classischen Antiquity Science (RE). Volume VII, 2, Stuttgart 1912, Col. 1695.
  • Albert Schachter : Boiotia in Antiquity: Selected Papers. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 2016, pp. 82ff.

Remarks

  1. ↑ Homer, Iliad 2,498.
  2. ↑ Nonnos of Panopolis , Dionysiaka 13.77; Statius , Thebais 7,332.
  3. ↑ Callimachus with Stephanos of Byzantium , sv Τάναγρα .
  4. ↑ Strabo 9,404.
  5. ↑ Pausanias 9: 20: 1f.
  6. ↑ So also Eustathios of Thessalonike , commentarii ad Homeri Iliadem and Scholion ex Veneto to Homer, Ilias 2,498.
  7. ↑ In Stephanos of Byzantium, sv Ὠρωπός .
  8. ↑ Alexander Mazarakis Ainian: Archaeological Quests: Excavations at Homeric Graia. Catalog for the exhibition at the University of Thessaly from June 18 to September 26, 2004. University of Thessaly, Volos 2008.
  9. ^ Albert Schachter: Boiotia in Antiquity: Selected Papers. Cambridge University Press 2016, p. 84.
  10. ^ Julius Miller: Grai. In: Paulys Realencyclopadie der classischen Antiquity Science (RE). Volume VII, 2, Stuttgart 1912, Sp. 1693-1695 .; Fritz Gschnitzer : Grai, Graikoi. In: The New Pauly (DNP). Volume 4, Metzler, Stuttgart 1998, ISBN 3-476-01474-6 , Sp. 1195.