Gredanna von Freyberg

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Gredanna von Freyberg , née Margaretha Anna von Freyberg (* before 1461; † April 18, 1481 at Schelklingen ) was a German abbess and magisterium of the Urspring Monastery .

Life

Gredanna (Margaretha Anna) came from the Eisenberger line of the von Freyberg family . She was a daughter of Christoph von Freyberg and Anna Gäßler (Gessler) . They owned the castle Riedheim by Hartmann Ansorg from Ulm (1415). He and his wife are buried in the Heggbach monastery ; their children were Heinrich, Sigmund, Baltasar and Gredanna.

Eberl, who refers to Gabriel Bucelinus u. a. and von Freyberg name different ancestors of Gredanna. While both authors agree on the mother Anna Gessler (Gässler) von Bruneck , Eberl names Kaspar von Freyberg as the father. Different information is also given for the paternal grandparents: According to von Freyberg, these were Anton von Freyberg and Felicitas von Reischach; according to Eberl, however, Wilhelm von Freyberg and Adelheid von Naab.

After von Freyberg she was elected Magistra in 1461. After Eberl, she was first mentioned as Magistra on August 4, 1464. Gredanna's predecessor as Magistra, Anna Truchseß von Bichishausen , died on June 19, 1463. If Gredanna had become a master in 1461, Anna Truchseß von Bichishhausen would have resigned before her death. Otherwise Gredanna would only have become a master after the death of her predecessor. Gredanna did not give up, but died in office on April 18, 1481 in the Urspring Monastery .

The reform of the Urspring Monastery of 1475

The "decline of monastic breeding", d. H. the deviation from the written and handed down rules of the respective order founders culminated in the late 15th century. The "abuses" among the Catholic clergy and in the monasteries aroused multiple ridicule. After all, the “grievances” were also a reason for the Reformation.

Monastic reforms tried to put the old rules back into force. In the course of time, Urspring had also become a pension institution for the daughters of the Swabian nobility. Various forces tried to change this and to restore the old monastery rules to their right.

During a visitation of Urspring by Abbot Heinrich VI. Marschalk von St. Georgen issued the new monastery statutes, which were only found a few years ago in the archive of the Benedictine Abbey of Our Lady of the Scots in Vienna and which the monastery historian Immo Eberl did not have. The reform statutes of September 14, 1474 contain a preface (prologue) in 17 chapters and 51 individual provisions. These essentially concern stricter provisions on observance of the cloister, the requirement of silence, spiritual duties and communication with the outside world. The supplementary statutes of October 19, 1475 again emphasize the stricter provisions of the main statutes.

To implement the statutes, Gredanna von Freyberg, who, according to Felix Fabri, was "a woman of strong masculine spirit", went with several nuns to the Heggbach monastery (the grave place of the von Freyberg family), where in 1467 a reform was carried out under the abbess Elisabeth Krählin the strict enclosure had been introduced.

The reforms in Urspring had made slow progress since 1472. However, the conflict culminated in 1475, as the convent was roughly split in half and had spread to the respective relatives. Archduchess Mechthild sided with the reform party and persuaded nuns from St. Walburg in Eichstätt, which was reformed in the 1450s, to move with her to Urspring. The opponents of the reform barricaded themselves in the monastery hospital. The soldiers they brought with them refused to storm the house. Archduchess Mechthild then ordered the storm bell to ring in Schelklingen and the Schelklingen citizen military to break into the house. The opponents of the reform were then transferred to other monasteries or sent to their relatives, and some of them voluntarily submitted to the strict discipline.

The reform statutes also stipulated that a new "interest book" should be created on the property of the monastery. This was done, and the stock records of the monastery Steingädele today represents the oldest Urbar is the monastery The title page of the bearing book of the monastery Steingädele of 1475 clarifies this connection, because it is. "Legerbuch Vnd description dess Gottshauß Vrspringen Vnderthonen vnd Güetter bey Government of Reverend WolEdelgebornen Frawen Frawen GrethAnna von Freyberg wolig blessed Anno Christi 1475 ”.

literature

  • Immo Eberl : History of the Benedictine Monastery of Urspring near Schelklingen 1127–1806: External relations, convent life, property. Stuttgart: Müller and Gräff, 1978.
  • Immo Eberl: life in monasteries. On compliance with the rules in everyday monastic life in the late Middle Ages and early modern times. In Irene Crusius (Hrsg.), Studien zum Kanonissenstift . Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 2001, pp. 275-315.
  • Felix Fabri : Fratris Felicis Fabri tractatus de civitate Ulmensi, de eius origine, ordine, regimine, de civibus eius et statu. Edited by Gustav Veesenmeyer. Tübingen: H. Laupp, 1889 (library of the Litterarian Society in Stuttgart, vol. CLXXXVI (= 186)).
  • Joachim Fischer: Two unknown reform statutes from 1474 and 1475 for the Benedictine convent of Urspring. In: Studies and communications on the history of the Benedictine order and its branches. 112 (2001), pp. 117-151.
  • Max Freiherr von Freyberg-Eisenberg: Genealogical history of the sex of the Freiherrn von Freyberg. Compiled from documented sources by… Without place: Manuscript, 1884. Ed. By Franz Rothenbacher. Mannheim: self-published, 2011.
  • Konrad Dietrich Haßler : Brother Felix Fabris treatise from the city of Ulm after the edition of the literary association in Stuttgart. Translated into German by… Ulm: Buchdruckerei von Friedrich Frey, 1909 (communications from the Association for Art and Antiquity in Ulm and Oberschwaben, Issue 13–15, No. 1, Ulm 1908 and 1909).

References and comments

  1. ↑ See the Riedheim family .
  2. ↑ From Freyberg 1884, fol. 65.
  3. ↑ Eberl 1978, p. 214 and Note 16.
  4. ↑ From Freyberg 1884, fol. 65 u. 69 u. Family tree 4. Eisenberg on fol. 58 (p. 254).
  5. ↑ From Freyberg 1884, fol. 65.
  6. ↑ From Freyberg 1884, fol. 69.
  7. ↑ Eberl 1978, p. 214 and Note 16.
  8. ↑ For the following see especially Eberl 1978, pp. 145–169, especially pp. 158–169; also Eberl 2001, esp. pp. 280-302.
  9. ↑ One cf. z. B. the facets of Heinrich Bebel , who grew up in the immediate vicinity of Urspring. The first edition dates from 1508, but Bebel's collecting activity is older (Bebel born in 1472 or 1473).
  10. ↑ Fischer 2001.
  11. ↑ So the translation by Haßler 1909, p. 123. The Freyberg family chronicle "Deductio ...", on the other hand, translates as "gifted by Nathur with a dapfern serious rent"; von Freyberg 1884, fol. 22 u. 69.
  12. ↑ It was an old custom in Schelklingen to let the civilian military march through the monastery under full armor every year in February or March, as was still practiced in 1725 and more. This was supposed to clarify the sovereignty of Austria over Urspring, and the Schelklingen citizens were the executive body in this case. See Council minutes Schelklingen 1724–1730, entry from February 28, 1724, fol. 15-17 (Schelklingen City Archives A 118 vol. 1: Council minutes 1724-1730).
  13. ↑ Storage location: Main State Archives Stuttgart H 234 Bd. 5.
personal data
SURNAME Freyberg, Gredanna von
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Freyberg, Margarathe Anna von (maiden name)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German abbess and Magistra of the Urspring Monastery
DATE OF BIRTH before 1461
DATE OF DEATH April 18, 1481
Place of death at Schelklingen