Great Heuneburg (Upflamör)

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Great Heuneburg
Early Celtic fortification wall

Early Celtic fortification wall

Alternative name (s): Heineburg, Heunenburg b. Upflamor
Creation time : 8th to 6th century BC
Castle type : Height attachment, spur system
Conservation status: Wall and moat remains
Place: Zwiefalten - Upflamör
Geographical location 48 ° 11 '59 "  N , 9 ° 23' 35"  E Coordinates: 48 ° 11 '59 "  N , 9 ° 23' 35"  E
Height: 708  m above sea level NN
Great Heuneburg (Baden-Württemberg)
Great Heuneburg

The early Celtic fortification of Große Heuneburg lies on a ridge of the Zwiefalten district in the Reutlingen district in Baden-Württemberg .

location

The hilltop settlement Große Heuneburg is located about two kilometers southwest of the Zwiefalter district of Upflamör and about five kilometers northeast of the Celtic cult site Alte Burg (Langenenslingen) on a wooded ridge. It is not only associated with the facility in Langenenslingen, but also with the smaller but better-known Heuneburg near Hundersingen, twelve kilometers to the south .

description

The fortification consists of an approximately 5  hectare main castle and an almost square, approximately 1.5 hectare outer bailey in the north. The outer bailey is a little lower and is separated from the main bailey by a moat. The main castle is laid out on a trapezoidal plateau sloping on all sides , the side lengths are between 160 and 320 meters. The north side is additionally protected by a ditch, in the west and south wide terraces adjoin the plateau foot. The plateau is protected by a stone wall; the walls are covered with earth and vegetation, but clearly visible in the terrain.

The south side of the outer bailey adjoins the northern moat of the main castle, while the approx. 130 meter long ramparts have been preserved in the east and north. It has no wall in the west, it may never have been built. The function of the outer bailey, which is also referred to as an annex in publications , is currently not known.

Parts of the complex, especially the ramparts, have evidently been changed recently , possibly through agriculture and / or forestry.

The terraces were evidently also walled, so that the area in the then little overgrown area could be seen from a distance. Like the terraces of the Alte Burg Langenenslingen, they are not integrated into the ramparts. In 2016, the Baden-Württemberg State Office for Monument Preservation carried out excavations on the outer bailey and the main castle. In the north-west of the main castle, a two-shell dry stone wall made of limestone and a building floor plan of 9 x 16 meters were documented. In the east of the outer bailey an earth wall covered with stones was cut.

Research history

The Große Heuneburg is mentioned as Heineburg on page 24 of the description of the Oberamt Riedlingen published in 1827 .

In the following years the Große Heuneburg was visited and described several times. In 1921 the prehistorian Gerhard Bersu carried out systematic excavations and described the complex in detail. With the finds he made, he dated the complex as an early Celtic table.

Excavations began in 2016 as part of a comprehensive research project. The construction time of the Great Heuneburg was in the 8th to 6th century BC. Dated. The complex was built at the same time as the old castle (Langenenslingen) and the Heuneburg.

photos

  • Northern rampart and moat of the main castle

  • Excavation on the north-western main wall, 2016

  • Excavation on the eastern wall, 2016

  • Main castle, view of the western wall

literature

Web links

Commons : Große Heuneburg  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files
Wikisource: Description of the Oberamt Riedlingen / Chapter A 2  - Sources and full texts

proof

  1. ^ A b Christoph Morrissey, Dieter Müller: Wall systems in the administrative district of Tübingen. Ed .: Regional Presidium Stuttgart - State Office for Monument Preservation: (= Atlas of archaeological land monuments in Baden-Württemberg Volume 26, Series 2), 1st edition. Konrad Theiss Verlag, Stuttgart 2011, ISBN 978-3-8062-2645-4
  2. ↑ [1] RTF 1
  3. ↑ a b [2] Archaeologie-online.de
  4. ^ Description of the Oberamt Riedlingen, page 24
  5. ↑ Press release from January 29th, 2020 by the State Office for Monument Protection BW