Big rock tie tensioner

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Big rock tie tensioner
Coenotephria tophaceata.JPG

Great rock- headed spider ( Coenotephria tophaceata )

Systematics
Class : Insects (Insecta)
Order : Butterflies (Lepidoptera)
Family : Spanner (Geometridae)
Subfamily : Larentiinae
Genre : Coenotephria
Type : Big rock tie tensioner
Scientific name
Coenotephria tophaceata
( Denis & Schiffermüller , 1775)

The large rock- tufted spanner ( Coenotephria tophaceata ), sometimes also known as the tufa spanner , woodruff leaf spanner or canyon bedstraw , is a butterfly ( moth ) from the spanner family (Geometridae).

features

butterfly

The wingspan of the moth is on average 32 to 36 millimeters. The basic color of the forewings varies from white-gray to brown-gray. The shape of the forewing ends at the front edge in a strong arched line towards the apex , with the tip slightly lowered. The outer edge is very straight. The discal region is brown or dark gray and has a jagged bulge towards the edge, which is bordered on the outside by a white-gray band. A center point is usually missing. The submarginal area , which often shows yellowish over-dusting, is heavily darkened. The gray-white hind wings have indistinct gray transverse lines.

Egg, caterpillar, pupa

Illustration of the caterpillars (enlarged four times) on strawberry leaves

The whitish egg shimmers slightly green and is provided with weak grooves.

Adult caterpillars are brownish in color and have dark diamond and triangular spots and yellowish side stripes.

The elongated pupa is colored shiny yellow.

Geographical distribution and occurrence

The large rock binding spanner can be found patchy in the mountains of Central and Southern Europe. In the Alps it occurs at heights of up to 2200 meters. He prefers to inhabit stony mountain and mountain landscapes, rocky gorges and scree slopes.

Way of life

The moths fly at low altitudes in two generations in the months May to July or August to September, in middle and higher altitudes in one generation from June to August. The majority of the supposedly second generation moths hatched in late summer, however, come from caterpillars that have been overwintered in spring and that spin in after winter. During the day they like to rest on rocks or stones. At night they visit artificial light sources . The caterpillars feed on different types of bedstraw ( Galium ), including: white bedstraw ( Galium album ), forest bedstraw ( Galium sylvaticum ), shiny meadow bedstraw ( Galium lucidum ) or real bedstraw ( Galium verum ). Whether they also accept Meier species ( Asperula ) in the wild still needs to be confirmed. The caterpillars pupate in a light web on the earth. The species overwinters as a caterpillar.

Danger

The large rock-binding spanner occurs in Germany in Bavaria as a species with geographical restriction and is considered endangered in Baden-Württemberg .

Subspecies

The following subspecies are known:

  • Coenotephria tophaceata tophaceata
  • Coenotephria tophaceata jurassica

swell

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c Walter Forster, Theodor A. Wohlfahrt: The butterflies of Central Europe. Volume 5: Spanner. (Geometridae). Franckh'sche Verlagshandlung, Stuttgart 1981, ISBN 3-440-04951-5 .
  2. ↑ a b Günter Ebert (Ed.): The butterflies of Baden-Württemberg. Volume 9. Moths VII. Geometridae 2nd part . 1st edition. Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2003, ISBN 3-8001-3279-6 .
  3. ↑ a b c Rudolf Löberbauer: For Generation series of Coenotephria tophaceata ship. Lepidoptera: Geometridae , magazine of the Vienna Entomological Society, 49th year 1964
  4. ↑ Ludwig Osthelder: The butterflies of southern Bavaria and the adjacent northern Limestone Alps, Part I, Die Großschmetterlinge, 3rd issue, Spanner. Supplement to the 19th year of the Munich Entomological Society, 1929
  5. ↑ Arno Bergmann: The large butterflies of Central Germany. Volume 5/1: Spanner. Distribution, forms and communities. Urania-Verlag, Jena 1955, DNB 450378403 .
  6. ↑ faunaeur.org

literature

  • Walter Forster , Theodor A. Wohlfahrt : The butterflies of Central Europe. Volume 5: Spanner. (Geometridae). Franckh'sche Verlagshandlung, Stuttgart 1981, ISBN 3-440-04951-5 .
  • Günter Ebert (Ed.): The butterflies of Baden-Württemberg. Volume 9. Moths VII. Geometridae 2nd part . 1st edition. Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2003, ISBN 3-8001-3279-6 .

Web links

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