Large poplar beetle
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Large poplar beetle Poecilonota variolosa |
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| Poecilonota variolosa | ||||||||||||
| ( Paykull , 1799) |
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| Fig. 1 side view | Fig. 4 front view |
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| Fig. 2 Detail of the wing cover | Fig. 5 underside |
The Great poplar borer , also Espen jewel beetle called ( Poecilonota variolosa ) is a rare beetle from the family of the jewel beetle and the subfamily Buprestinae . The genus Poecilonota is represented worldwide with twelve species , of which only Poecilonota variolosa can be found in Europe.
The bug is in the endangered Red List species in Germany as high risk (category 2) made in Saxony-Anhalt , the species is considered threatened with extinction , in Brandenburg , Rhineland-Palatinate and Baden-Wuerttemberg is it as extinct, or classified.
Notes on the name
The beetle was first described by Paykull in 1799 under the name Buprestis variolosa , but then several times under a different name. The species name variolōsa ( Latin pitted) refers to the rough surface structure. In German-language literature, the species was often called conspersa, according to Gyllenhal's description in 1808. This name alludes to the light spots on a dark background (Latin conspérsus splashed).
Eschscholtz split the genus Buprestis into different genres in 1829 . The species, whose shield is wider than long, and whose anal sternite is outgrown , he summarizes to the genus Poecilonota . He includes Buprestis conspersa (= Buprestis variolosa ) and the linden beetle . The genus name Poecilonota is from Altgr. ποικίλος (poikílos), colorful and νότος (nōtos), derived from back .
Physique of the beetle
The robust beetle becomes 13 to 21 millimeters long. The body is flatter and wider in comparison with the similar species in the genus Dicerca . The underside of the animal is copper-colored, the upper side is marbled with darker and lighter, copper to greenish shiny spots. It is coarsely and irregularly dotted, especially in the light areas .
The head is wrinkled and dotted, the forehead depressed. The eleven-segment antennae are much shorter than the head and pronotum combined, black and serrated inwards. The short end link of the jaw probe is trimmed at an angle, the last lip probe link shaped like a hatchet. The almost square upper lip is cut out in front. The strong upper jaws are curved and cut out on the inside.
The label is clearly visible and wider than it is long, not small and round as in the genus Dicerca .
The shape of the pronotum varies between laterally rounded and parallel to inverted trapezoidal, which is why Poecilonota setulosa Fleischer 1896 is now considered a variant of Poecilonota variolosa . The pronotum has a smooth, dark center line. In addition, it is unevenly dotted, the dots are coarser and denser towards the sides and merge to form wrinkles near the edge.
The elytra are together somewhat wider than the pronotum and broadest behind the middle. They have distinctive dot stripes. They are truncated at the back or slightly edged, but not drawn out in the shape of a tail. The elytra are unevenly wrinkled, the points are isolated near the seam. The points are light ore-colored, light green or copper-metallic. They are usually close together in spots of the same color. The label is short and relatively wide.
The tarsi are all five-part. The first four segments of the tarsi are widened in the shape of a lobe. The first segment of the middle tarsi is significantly longer than the second.
Way of life
The animals develop in different poplar species , reports from other hardwood species (ash, willow) are doubtful. The south side and areas close to the ground are preferably used for laying eggs. Mainly standing strong to medium strong trees are attacked, exceptionally also younger or felled trees. The presence of the larva can be recognized by the discolored, sunken and partially split bark. The drill holes are flat and tightly filled with fine drilling dust.
Depending on the host plants, the beetles are often found in warm alluvial forests, at the edges of the forest or on individual trees, but also when poplar trees are planted to limit parking spaces, in campsites or other facilities. The beetles are mainly found on previously damaged plants.
Development takes two years in warmer climates and at least two years in cooler climates. The doll's cradle lies roughly parallel to the surface just below or in the bark. A preference for the alignment with respect to the axis of the trunk cannot be seen.
The beetles appear in Central Europe in June and July, and earlier in Southern Europe. They are only active in the hottest time of the day. When approaching, they usually remain immobile.
distribution
The species is distributed from eastern Siberia to northern Africa. In the north it reaches Norway, Sweden, Finland and the Russian Baltic provinces. In Central and Western Europe it avoids the Atlantic climate area.
literature
- Heinz Joy, Karl Wilhelm Harde, Gustav Adolf Lohse: The beetles of Central Europe . tape 6 : Diversicornia . Spectrum, Heidelberg 1979, ISBN 3-87263-027-X . P. 214
- Fritz Brechtel, Hans Kostenbader (ed.): The splendor and stag beetles of Baden-Württemberg . Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2002, ISBN 3-8001-3526-4 . P. 513 ff
- Klaus Koch : The Beetles of Central Europe Ecology . 1st edition. tape 2 . Goecke & Evers, Krefeld 1989, ISBN 3-87263-040-7 . P. 92
- Gustav Jäger (Ed.): CG Calwer’s Käferbuch . K. Thienemanns, Stuttgart 1876, 3rd edition as Lampra conspersa p. 330
- Erichson et al. Natural history of the insects of Germany IV. Volume p. 47 as Poecilonota conspersa Berlin 1857 at BHL
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c Poecilonota variolosa in Fauna Europaea. Retrieved November 24, 2013
- ↑ Poecilonota at BioLib
- ↑ Poecilonota in Fauna Europaea. Retrieved November 24, 2013
- ↑ Red lists at BioNetworX
- ↑ Fauna Suecica Insecta Vol II 1799 p. 219
- ↑ a b Sigmund Schenkling: Explanation of the scientific beetle names (species)
- ↑ Johann-Friedrich Eschscholtz: Zoological Atlas…. 1st issue. Berlin 1829 Division of Buprestis p. 8
- ↑ Sigmund Schenkling: Explanation of the scientific beetle names (genus)
- ^ Mühle, Brandl, Niehuis Catalogus Faunae Graeciae Coleoptera: Buprestidae Augsburg, self-published, 2000
