Large linden beetle

Large linden beetle
Large linden splendor beetle ( Lamprodila rutilans ) on linden tree
Systematics
Subordination : Polyphaga Family : Jewel beetle (Buprestidae) Subfamily : Chrysochroinae Genre : Ovalisia Subgenus : Scintillate matrix Type : Large linden beetle
Scientific name
Ovalisia (Scintillatrix) rutilans
( Fabricius , 1777)

The great linden beetle ( Ovalisia (Scintillatrix) rutilans ) is a beetle from the jewel beetle family .

Even decades after his death, he does not lose his emerald green to blue shimmering metallic color, as it is largely not due to pigments , but rather is caused by interference when the light rays are refracted.

Like most jewel beetles, the species is specially protected by law in accordance with the Federal Species Protection Ordinance. The species is also under protection in Switzerland. In the Red List of Threatened Species in Germany and in Baden-Württemberg , Bavaria and Saxony-Anhalt , the species is listed under Category 2 (endangered), in Brandenburg it is considered critically endangered .

Notes on the name and taxonomy

The species is first described as a new species by Fabricius in 1777 in the appendix to the listing of all insect genera. The description is limited to the few words: Buprestis elytris tridentatis viridibus nigro maculatis: margine aureo ( lat . Prachtkäfer with tridentate elytra with black spots: with golden border ). Fabricius gives the species the species name rútilans (lat. Reddish shimmering) and assigns it to the genus Buprestis .

The genus Ovalisia was only established after the great splitting of the genus Buprestis in 1829 by Eschscholtz von Kerreman in 1900. The subgenus Scintillatrix , which was established by Obenberger in 1956, is now partially seen again as a genus , and Ovalisia as a subgenus of Lamprodila . In addition to Ovalisia and Scintillatrix, the generic name is often Poecilonota and Lampra , and there are other synonyms . The only German name that is often used is " linden splendor beetle", because the species primarily develops in linden trees. However, there is a small Agrilus species called the small linden beetle, so the name "large linden beetle" is preferable.

According to the opinion represented here, the genus Ovalisia is represented in Europe with two subgenera and nine species.

description

Pictures of the great linden beetle
	Image 6: from the side
Image 1: from above
Image 2: from the front
Image 3: from below	Fig. 7: Partial view of the underside on the right, partially colored green: Prosternal process of the front breast blue: mid breast ocher: rear breast orange: rear hips
Image 4: Label, orange border on the right
Image 5: Reitter jaw button	Fig. 8: Lip switch according to Reitter

Rear margin of the anal sternite in comparison (margin on the right traced in yellow)
Photo 9: Male of the great linden beetle	Photo 10: Female of the large linden beetle	Figure 11: Female of the Elm Beetle

The body is more than two and a half times as long as it is wide and slightly flattened. In the middle, the sides run parallel. The green color predominates, which changes into golden yellow to red gold on the sides of the pronotum and the wing covers . The beetle becomes nine to fifteen millimeters long.

The head is over three times as wide as it is long when viewed from above. The eyes take up the greater part of the sides of the head, their rear edge lies largely on the pronotum (Fig. 6). Their distance from one another decreases towards the apex, so that they appear oblique (Fig. 2). The eleven-part feelers are widened inwards from the fifth part (sawn, Fig. 2). The upper lip is rectangular and cut out in front. The upper jaws are strong, curved and cut out on the inside. The end link of the jaw button is short and at an angle (bracket-shaped, Fig. 5), as is the last lip button (Fig. 8).

The pronotum tapers in front to the width of the head, at the base it is widest. Usually it does not have a black center line. Like the head, it is roughly dotted with black spots on the side.

The elytra are slightly wider between the shoulders than the pronotum. Behind the middle they are somewhat widened, behind that the outer edge is slightly sawn. Each wing cover ends individually rounded to truncated and slightly serrated. The wing covers are striped. The spaces between the stripes are roughly dotted. The dots are scattered inside, denser to confluence outwards. The gaps are interrupted by dark spots (grid spots, window spots). These are raised, smooth and irregularly distributed, more sparse in the great linden beetle than in the great willow beetle and the great elm beetle .

The label is about three times as wide as it is long, the pointed lateral rear corners are further apart than the blunt front corners. The back center corner (suture corner) is only weakly pronounced (image 4, orange traced on the right).

The underside and legs are also metallic green. The cavities in which the front hips are turned are open to the rear. The front hips are separated by a broad extension of the front chest (Prosternal process, picture 7, right green). The prosternal process continues over the mid-breast (Fig. 7, blue on the right) and apparently separates it. This process is roughly dotted in the female, and long haired in the male (pubescent). The rear hips (picture 7, right orange) lie broadly against the rear breast (picture 7, right yellow). They are widened inwards and hollowed out towards the rear to partially accommodate the hind legs (can be seen in Figure 6). The tarsi are all five-limbed (tarsal formula 5-5-5) and all tarsal limbs apart from the claw limb are lobed (lobed) for better adhesion to the ground.

On the underside of the body, the first two segments of the abdomen (sternites) are fused together. The three Central European species of the genus, which are very similar, can best be distinguished on the edge of the last sternite (anal sternite). In the female of the linden jewel beetle this is cut round to triangular (Fig. 10), in the male it is broadly edged (Fig. 9). The edge of the incision in the linden beetle (Fig. 9,10) is a short, flat and wide tooth, while in related species the tooth is drawn out to a point (Fig. 11).

biology

The larvae feed monophag on ailing linden ( Tilia cordata and T. platyphyllos ) in and under the bark of the thicker branches or trunk. These have to be well sunbathed. If a linden tree is heavily infested, the larvae feed can lead to death and subsequently to the breaking off of the branches as well as to the death of the entire tree.

The adult beetles are found on the sunny side of the trunks; when the sky is overcast, they retreat into cracks in the bark. The female lays the eggs one by one in cracks and injured areas of the bark. Infested areas can be recognized on young trees by the fact that the bark is darker there. They usually need two years to develop, in exceptional cases only one or three years. They hatch in Central Europe at the end of May and beginning of June through transverse oval holes. These are located on the sunny side up to a height of three meters. The beetle disappears again in July.

distribution

The beetle is found in southern, central and eastern Europe, more frequently in the east, less or less frequently in the south and west. He avoids the Atlantic area.

Hazard and protection

Of the three species of the subgenus Scintillatrix that occur in Central Europe (large linden beetle, large willow beetle and large elm beetle ) the linden beetle is the most common. Nevertheless, at least in Germany, Switzerland and many federal states it is under nature protection.

The felling of old linden trees, which is often justified by securing the traffic routes, deprives the beetle of its livelihood. In the event of a felling, it is recommended to leave a stump of at least one meter so that existing beetles can develop and look for a new breeding tree. A strong pruning of the crown is in any case preferable to felling, since eggs are only deposited in living linden trees.

swell

literature

• Fritz Brechtel, Hans Kostenbader (ed.): The splendor and stag beetles of Baden-Württemberg . Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2002, ISBN 3-8001-3526-4 .
• Heinz Joy, Karl Wilhelm Harde, Gustav Adolf Lohse: The beetles of Central Europe . tape 6 : Diversicornia . Spectrum, Heidelberg 1979, ISBN 3-87263-027-X .

Individual evidence

1. ^ "Pocket Atlas of the Beetles" Verlag Dausien Hanau / M
2. ↑ ^{a b} Fritz Brechtel, Hans Kostenbader (ed.): The splendor and stag beetles of Baden-Württemberg , Eugen Ulmer Verlag Stuttgart 2002, ISBN 3-8001-3526-4
3. ↑ ^{a b} Protection status in Switzerland ( Memento of the original from March 10, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  
4. ↑ Red lists at BioNetworkX
5. ↑ ^{a b} Directory and Red List of Deadwood Beetles in Baden-Württemberg, as of September 2001, Category 2  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  
6. ↑ ^{a b} Red list of endangered “Diversicornia” Bavaria, category 2
7. ↑ JCFabricius: Genera insectorum eorumque characteres naturales secundum numerum, figuram, situm et proportionem omnium partium oris adiecta mantissa specierum nuper detectarum Kiel 1776 p. 255: 235 description of the new species that can be classified between the 8th and 9th Buprestis
8. ↑ Sigmund Schenkling: Nomenclator coleopterologus 2nd edition Jena 1922 Explanation of the scientific beetle names (species) in short form
9. ↑ Friedrich Eschscholtz: Zoological Atlas…. 1st issue. Berlin 1829 ( breakdown by Buprestis p. 8 in the Google book search)
10. ↑ Subgenera and species of the genus Lamprodila at BioLib
11. ↑ ^{a b} Fauna Europaea, synonyms for Ovalisia (Scintillatrix) rutilans
12. ^ Ovalisia at Fauna Europaea. Retrieved March 26, 2013 . Palmar (subgenus) in Fauna Europaea. Retrieved March 26, 2013 . Scintillatrix (subgenus) in Fauna Europaea. Retrieved March 25, 2013
13. ^ Adolf Horion: Käferkunde for nature lovers . Vittorio Klostermann, Frankfurt am Main 1949
14. ↑ Loopholes of the linden jewel beetle
15. ↑ ^{a b} Protective measures ( Memento of the original from October 2, 2006 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF; 1.0 MB)  
16. ↑ Red List of Endangered Animals in Germany (Binot et alt. 1998), Category 2 ( Memento of the original from March 1, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF; 458 kB)  
17. ↑ Red list of jewel beetles of the state of Saxony-Anhalt, category 2

Web links

Commons : Lamprodila rutilans  - album with pictures, videos and audio files