Agrilus

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Agrilus
Agrilus sp. according to Reitter [1] 16: A. biguttatus 17: A. Guerini 18: A. sinuatus 19: A.subauratus 20: A. viridis 21: A. caeruleus 22: A. Roberti 23: A. angustulus

Agrilus sp. According to Reitter
16: A. biguttatus 17: A. Guerini 18: A. sinuatus 19: A.subauratus
20: A. viridis 21: A. caeruleus 22: A. Roberti 23: A. angustulus

Systematics
Class : Insects (Insecta)
Order : Beetle (Coleoptera)
Subordination : Polyphaga
Family : Jewel beetle (Buprestidae)
Subfamily : Agrilinae
Genre : Agrilus
Scientific name
Agrilus
Curtis , 1825
Agrilus biguttatus detail.JPG Agrilus biguttatus draw.JPG
Image 1: Agrilus biguttatus ; Double lateral edge of the pronotum; the area in between appears a little brighter due to the lighting Image 2: Agrilus biguttatus
right half colored
green: chin process of the front breast
orange: Prosternal process
blue: middle breast
ocher: rear breast
Agrilus ater draw.JPG
Image 3: Agrilus ater.
green: hind hips enlarged on the outside
orange: double side edge of the pronotum
ocher: keel on the posterior corner of the pronotum
Agrilus larva Reitter.svg
Image 4: Larva, according to Reitter
Dorsal eab pupae.jpg Ventral eab pupae and adult.jpg
Image 5: Agrilus planipennis pupa, left back view, right stomach view

Agrilus is a genus of beetles fromthe jewel beetle family (Buprestidae). With approx. 3,000 species, it is the largest genus of the subfamily Agrilinae and even the largest genus in the entire animal kingdom. At Joy-Harde-Lohse 39 species are listed for Central Europe, the fauna Europaea has about a hundred species.

The appearance and way of life of the individual species differ considerably. The following statements refer to the Central European species of the genus.

Most species of the genus are specially protected by law in accordance with the Federal Species Protection Ordinance. Exceptions are the Agrilus biguttatus and Agrilus viridis . The splendid birch beetle Agrilus anxius is classified as a reportable quarantine pathogen in the EU .

Notes on the name

The genus Agrilus was established by the Englishman Curtis in 1825. He mainly characterized them by the structure of the antennae and the mouthparts. He uses a different font to describe the rest of the body. He takes the name from Megerle . However, with a few exceptions, the names of Megerle are not recognized.

The explanation of the generic name Agrīlus is uncertain. Schenkling provides his explanation (from ancient Greek άγρα ágra , hunting, prey, and είλω ēīlo, to gather) with a question mark. A reference to properties of the species of the genus is not discernible.

Characteristics of the genus

The genus Agrilus shows the morphological characteristics of the jewel beetle . The last section of the legs , the tarsi, are five-limbed (tarsi formula 5-5-5). In Agrilus the first hind tarsal segment is at least as large as the following three tarsal segments together. The claws on the last tarsal link have a tooth at the base that is short, wide and blunt in females. In males, the teeth of the claws are used to classify different types of claws .

The front hip cavities are not closed at the back, the front hips (praecoxa) are spherical and are broadly separated from each other by an extension of the front chest (prosternal extension). In the case of Agrilus, this extension is pointed, bridging the mid-breast up to its rear edge, so that it appears separated in two halves (Fig. 2).

The hind hips (metacoxa) are connected to the rear breast (metasternum) and are hollowed out to partially accommodate the hind legs (metatibia). At Agrilus, the metacoxes are widened to the outside (Fig. 2).

Of the five sections on the underside of the abdomen (sternite), the first two are fused and form the widest and longest visible abdomen in Agrilus . The following sternites narrow in a straight line, the last one is rounded in the form of a circular section and has an edge furrow.

The head is short, more than twice as wide as it is long when viewed from above. The eyes sit to the side, their rear edge runs parallel and at a small distance from the pronotum. The eleven-part antennae are deflected approximately at the level of the lower edge of the eye. At least the middle links are sawn.

On the side of the pronotum , a keel-like elevation runs under the actual side edge, which arises at the rear corner or further forward on the side edge. This keel runs like the side edge to the front edge of the pronotum, whereby the distance between the edge and the keel increases (double side edge of the pronotum, Fig. 1). Above the side edge there is usually another keel in addition to the rear corner (Fig. 3). The base of the pronotum is outlined in front of both wing covers and in front of the shield .

The label is large and almost always has a cross keel. The wing covers leave a part of the abdomen uncovered laterally. They run from the shoulders initially parallel to curved inward to the rear, then narrowed in a straight line. The degree is different for the different species . Often the wing covers are individually rounded and toothed at the back.

Differentiating characteristics for the species

For the identification of the numerous species, the color is of minor importance. It is always metallic green, blue or purple and varies greatly within the species. Among the Central European species there are three that have white spots on the wing covers. These are caused by fields of dense white hair.

The shape of the fore-chest process between the front hips, the height of the deflection of the antennae in relation to the lower edge of the eye, the shape of the groove of the last sternite, the end of the wing covers and the shape of the end of the fore-chest towards the head are important determinants.

The shape of the tooth on the claws is used for the determination of the males.

In the Fauna Germanica, the species of the genus are characterized as difficult and can only be distinguished with great care .

biology

The larvae (Fig. 4) develop in all types of dicotyledonous plants (trees, shrubs, grasses) and in all their parts (roots, rhizomes, trunks, branches). The larvae of the European genera live both in and under the bark of living or injured plants. The beetles coat the eggs they lay with a secretion to prevent them from drying out. The beetles are host specific. Because of this, many species in forestry and agriculture can occur in large numbers and damage the host plant. Whether different feeding plants always correspond to different morphological forms and whether these are species or just races is still partly unclear.

The beetles are often found gregarious on the plants on which the eggs are laid. From here the scientific name ((Greek) agrios "rural", ile "Schar") can be explained,

Systematics

The genus Agrilus contains around 3,000 species, making it the largest genus of the subfamily Agrilinae and even the largest genus in the entire animal kingdom. In Europe it is represented with around 100 species:

Selection of non-European species:

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Edmund Reitter : Fauna Germanica, the beetles of the German Empire III. Volume, page 191 KGLutz 'Verlag, Stuttgart 1911
  2. ↑ a b c Fritz Brechtel, Hans Kostenbader (ed.): The splendor and stag beetles of Baden-Württemberg , Eugen Ulmer Verlag Stuttgart 2002, ISBN 3-8001-3526-4
  3. ↑ a b c d e Heinz Freude, Karl Wilhelm Harde, Gustav Adolf Lohse: Die Käfer Mitteleuropas . tape 6 : Diversicornia . Spectrum, Heidelberg 1979, ISBN 3-87263-027-X .
  4. ↑ a b Fauna Europaea: Taxonomy (English)
  5. ↑ Notifiable organisms according to Directive 2000/29 / EC ANNEX I ( Memento of July 21, 2019 in the Internet Archive ),
      • Part A, “HARMFUL ORGANISMS, THEIR INTRODUCTION AND SPREAD INTO OR. IS FORBIDDEN IN THE MEMBER STATES "
      • Part B, "HARMFUL ORGANISMS WHOSE INTRODUCTION AND SPREAD INTO CERTAIN PROTECTED AREAS (S) IS PROHIBITED"
    • Notifiable organisms according to Directive 2000/29 / EC ANNEX II ( Memento of July 21, 2019 in the Internet Archive ),
      • Part A, “HARMFUL ORGANISMS, THEIR INTRODUCTION AND SPREAD INTO OR. IN THE MEMBER STATES IT IS PROHIBITED IN THE EVENT OF INFESTATION OF CERTAIN PLANTS OR PLANT PRODUCTS "
      • Part B, "HARMFUL ORGANISMS WHOSE INTRODUCTION AND SPREAD INTO CERTAIN PROTECTED AREAS (S) IN THE CASE OF INFECTED CERTAIN PLANTS OR PLANT PRODUCTS"
  6. ^ John Curtis: British Entomology… The Genera of Insects… Vol. II Coleoptera Part II, London 1823–1840 Description of the genus Agrilus in text on Plate [50 corresponds to plate 67]
  7. ↑ IMKerzhner: JC Megerle's 1801-1805 Auction Catalogs of Insects porposed Suppression… Bulletin of soological nomenclature Vol. 48 (3) September 1991 p. 206 [1]
  8. ↑ Sigmund Schenkling: Nomenclator coleopterologus 2nd edition Jena 1922 Explanation of the scientific beetle names (genus) in short form
  9. ↑ Edm.Reitter: Fauna Germanica, the beetles of the German Empire III. Volume, KGLutz 'publishing house, Stuttgart 1911

Web links

Commons : Agrilus  - collection of images, videos and audio files