Large-headed capuchin monkey
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Great-headed capuchin monkey ( Sapajus macrocephalus ) |
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| ( Spix , 1823) |
The big-headed capuchin monkey ( Sapajus macrocephalus ) is a species of primate from the family of capuchin-like species that occurs in the western Amazon basin .
distribution
Its relatively large distribution area stretches from the west of the Andes part of Colombia through western Brazil, the Amazonian lowlands of Ecuador and Peru to northern Bolivia . The northern border of the distribution area forms the southern bank of the Río Arauca , a border river between Colombia and Venezuela, the western border is the Andes, in the south the monkeys occur up to the upper reaches of the Río Beni in Bolivia. In Colombia there is still an isolated occurrence in the Department del Huila on the upper reaches of the Río Magdalena . In the west, where the range of the large-headed capuchin monkey protrudes into that of the hooded capuchin monkey ( Sapajus apella ), the boundaries are not exactly known. They are probably located roughly between Rio Japurá and Rio Negro in the north and between Rio Purus and Rio Madeira in the south.
features
The large-headed capuchin monkey reaches a weight of 2.9 to 4.6 kg (males) or 1.3 to 3.4 kg (females), has a head-trunk length of 37.5 to 45.5 cm ( Males) or 39.5 to 41 cm (females) and has a 41.5 to 49 cm long tail. Due to the large distribution area, there are three color morphs of the great -headed capuchin monkey. The Colombian morph is light brown on the back and has a reddish ventral side. The Peruvian is maroon, more reddish on the sides of the body and yellow-brown on the ventral side. The tail, legs and occasionally the forearms are black. In Brazil, the monkeys are reddish brown on the back, the throat and chest are black or reddish. Limbs and tail are dark brown or black. All have a striking dark stripe on the back. Adult specimens have black, short, horn-like tufts of hair on their heads. These flatten out again with increasing age. There is no noticeable gender dimorphism .
Lifestyle and diet
The large-headed capuchin monkey lives in the evergreen tropical rainforest, in mountain cloud forests, in bamboo stands, in swamps with palm trees, and in the far north of its range in the gallery forests of the Llanos . In Peru it occurs on the eastern slopes of the Andes up to an altitude of 1800 meters, in Colombia it is 1300 meters. The small population in Huila lives 2700 meters high. The species feeds primarily on fruits and insects, but seeds, pulp , leaves, sprouts, flowers, nectar, spiders, millipedes, snails, frogs and bird eggs are also eaten. Great-headed capuchin monkeys observed in the Peruvian National Park Manú spent most of the day (approx. 50%) searching for animal food. Eating plant foods took up 16% of her time, especially early in the morning and during the afternoon. At lunchtime they took a half-hour to a full hour's break.
Reproduction
The menstrual cycle of the female large headed capuchin monkey is approximately 22 days. When they are ready to conceive, they mate with the alpha male of the group about once a day for a period of 5 to 6 days. Most females have their first young when they are 7 to 8 years old. The gestation period lasts about 153 days, young animals are mainly born in the rainy season. If the young animal survives, the next one is born after an average of 25.6 months; if it dies, the next young animal follows after an average of 15.5 months. At the age of three months, the young begin to climb around in the trees independently and are carried by older siblings in addition to their mother. Six-month-old kittens begin to eat adult food, weaning begins at 8 to 12 months of age and is completed at 20 months of age.
Systematics
The large-headed capuchin monkey was first described as Cebus macrocephalus in 1823 by the German scientist Johann Baptist von Spix after his trip to Brazil . For a long time it was considered a subspecies of the Eastern Amazonian hooded capuchin monkey ( Sapajus apella ), in the Handbook of the Mammals of the World and at the IUCN it is now listed as an independent species. Future research will show whether the species can really be viewed as a separate species from the hooded capuchin monkey.
Danger
Due to the large distribution area, the species is listed by the IUCN as 
(= least concern - not endangered).
literature
- Anthony B. Rylands, Russell A. Mittermeier, Bruna M. Bezerra, Fernanda P. Paim & Helder L. Queiroz: Family Cebidae (Squirrel Monkeys and Capuchins). Pages 403 and 404 in Russell A. Mittermeier , Anthony B. Rylands & Don E. Wilson : Handbook of the Mammals of the World: - Volume 3. Primates. Lynx Editions, 2013 ISBN 978-8496553897
Web links
- Sapajus macrocephalus in the endangered Red List species the IUCN 2015 Posted by: Rylands, AB, Boubli, J.-P., Mitter Meier, RA, Stevenson, P., Palacios, E. & de la Torre, p., 2008 Retrieved June 20, 2015.