Great stone graves near Drouwen

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Great stone graves near Drouwen Hunebed D19, Hunebed D20
The large stone grave D19 in Drouwen

The large stone grave D19 in Drouwen
Great stone graves near Drouwen (Netherlands)
Red pog.svg
Coordinates Drouwen D19 coordinates: 52 ° 57 '7.2 "  N , 6 ° 47' 7.8"  O , Drouwen D20
place Borger-Odoorn , OT Drouwen , Drenthe , Netherlands
Emergence 3470 to 2760 BC Chr.
van Giffen no. D19, D20

The megalithic graves near Drouwen are two megalithic tombs of the Neolithic western group of the funnel beaker culture in Drouwen , a district of Borger-Odoorn in the Dutch province of Drenthe . The graves bear the Van Giffen numbers D19 and D20.

location

The graves are located on the western outskirts of Drouwen, south of the Steenhopenweg. Grave D20 is only about 10 m east-southeast of D19. There are numerous other large stone graves in the immediate vicinity: 1.2 km to the south-west is the Drouwenerveld (D26) large stone grave , 1.3 km southeast of the five large stone graves at Bronneger (D21-D25), 2.6 km south-southeast of the Borger stone grave (D27 ) and 3.4 km south-southeast the two large stone graves near Buinen (D28 and D29).

Research history

The existence of the graves was first mentioned in 1711 by Ludolf Smids . In 1878 finds were recovered by William Collings Lukis and Henry Dryden , which are now in the British Museum . In 1912 Jan Hendrik Holwerda carried out an archaeological excavation on both graves . The two facilities in Drouwen were the first large stone graves in the Netherlands to be investigated using modern archaeological methods. In 1918 Albert Egges van Giffen documented the two systems for his atlas of the Dutch large stone graves. 1961–1962 van Giffen carried out further excavations. The graves were then restored. Another restoration took place in 1998. Since 1993 the facilities have been national monuments ( Rijksmonumenten ).

description

Grave D19

The complex is a south-east-north-west oriented passage grave . The mound was still 60–80 cm high at Holwerda's investigation. No stones have survived from the former enclosure. However, Holwerda could still make out several scuff marks and remains of dry stone masonry. The burial chamber has a length of 15.5 m and a width of 3.5 m. It has nine pairs of wall stones on the long sides and one end stone each on the narrow sides. Of the original eight capstones, the most northwestern one is missing. The two following stones lie inside the chamber, while the remaining five cap stones rest on the wall stones. The chamber has a pavement made of gravel. The entrance is in the middle of the southwest long side. In front of it is a corridor made up of two pairs of wall stones and a cap stone. This capstone was put back on the gangway stones during the restoration in 1998, but was tipped down by vandals in 2006 and then never put back on. Several upright stone slabs form a threshold between the corridor and the chamber.

Grave D20

Grave D20

D20 is an east-southeast-west-northwest oriented passage grave. The oval stone enclosure is largely preserved, only a few stones are missing in the west. During his investigation, Holwerda was able to determine that the surrounding stones were not buried in the ground, but in the already partially piled mound of the grave. The burial chamber has a length of 11.3 m and a width of 3.4 m. It has six wall stones on the southern and seven on the northern long side as well as one end stone each on the narrow sides. Of the original seven cap stones, five are still preserved, one of which is inside the chamber while the others rest on the wall stones. The chamber has a pavement made of gravel. The entrance is in the middle of the southern long side. In front of it is a corridor made up of two pairs of wall stones and a cap stone. Standing stone slabs form a threshold between the corridor and the chamber.

Finds

During his investigation of grave D19, Holwerda was able to find poorly preserved remains of human skeletons. Mainly teeth and remains of the jawbone. The grave goods included over 400 ceramic vessels from the funnel beaker culture , 13 flint axes, further flint tools, ten pearls made of amber and gagat, and six copper fragments . The copper objects are among the oldest metal finds in the Netherlands. Comparable finds come from the large stone grave D28 near Buinen . Furthermore, fragments of two late Neolithic bell beakers were recovered. The finds from grave D20 were much more sparse. Here Holwerda found only a small number of vessels as well as a flint core and some fragments of flint.

literature

  • Jan Albert Bakker : The Dutch Hunebedden. Megalithic Tombs of the Funnel Beaker Culture . International Monographs in Prehistory, Ann Arbor 1992, ISBN 1-87962-102-9 .
  • Jan Albert Bakker: Megalithic Research in the Netherlands, 1547-1911. From 'Giant's Beds' and 'Pillars of Hercules' to accurate investigations. Sidestone Press, Leiden 2010, ISBN 9789088900341 , pp. 211-212 ( online version ).
  • Albert Egges van Giffen : De Hunebedden in Nederland , 3 volumes. Oosthoek, Utrecht 1925.
  • Evert van Ginkel , Sake Jager, Wijnand van der Sanden: Hunebedden. Monuments van een steentijdcultuur. Uniepers, Abcoude 1999, ISBN 978-9068252026 , pp. 173-174.
  • Jan Hendrik Holwerda : Two giant rooms near Drouwen (Prov. Drente) in Holland. In: Prehistoric Journal. Volume 5, 1913, pp. 435-448.
  • Jan N. Lanting: De NO-Nederlandse / NW-Duitse Klokbekergroep: culturele achtergrond, typologie van het aardewerk, datering, verspreiding en grafritueel. In: Palaeohistoria. Volume 49/50, 2007/2008 (2008), p. 269 ( online ).
  • G. de Leeuw: Onze hunebedden. Gids before Drentse hunebedden en de Trechterbekerkultuur . Flint 'Nhoes, Borger 1984.
  • William Collings Lukis : Report on the hunebedden of Drenthe, Netherlands. In: Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of London. 2nd series. Volume 8, 1878, pp. 47-55 ( online ).
  • Wijnand van der Sanden , Hans Dekker: Gids voor de hunebedden in Drenthe en Groningen . WBooks, Zwolle 2012, ISBN 978-9040007040 .
  • Nynke de Vries: Excavating the Elite? Social stratification based on cremated remains in the Dutch hunebedden. Master thesis, Groningen 2015 ( online ).

Web links

Commons : Great stone graves near Drouwen  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Anna L. Brindley : The typochronology of TRB West Group pottery. In: Palaeohistoria. Volume 28, 1986, pp. 93-132 ( online ). Annual figures corrected according to Moritz Mennenga : Between Elbe and Ems. The settlements of the funnel beaker culture in northwest Germany (= early monumentality and social differentiation. Volume 13). Habelt, Bonn 2017, ISBN 978-3-7749-4118-2 , p. 93 ( online ).
  2. ^ Rijksdienst voor het Cultureel Erfgoed: 464145 te Drouwen