Guillén Fernández

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Guillén Santiago Eusebio Fernández (born August 12, 1964 in Bonn ) is a European neuroscientist and neurologist .

Life

Fernández studied medicine at the Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität in Bonn . In 1994 he received his license to practice medicine . A year later he received his doctorate before habilitation in 2001 with Christian E. Elger . After clinical training as a neurologist and scientific work at the University Hospital Bonn (Elger, Wolfgang Maier ) and Magdeburg ( Hans-Jochen Heinze ) as well as at Stanford University ( John Gabrieli ), he became a research group leader at the Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior at the Medical Center in 2002 Faculty ( Radboud Universitair Medisch Centrum ) of Radboud University in Nijmegen (Netherlands).

Four years later, Fernández was appointed Professor of Cognitive Neuroscience and, in 2010, Director of the Donders Institute. Fernández was elected a member of the Memory Disorder Research Society (MDRS) in 2007 and was admitted to the Academia Europaea in 2014. In 2010 he was admitted to the European Research Council (ERC) as an Advanced Investigator . In 2018 Fernández was elected to the Royal Dutch Academy of Sciences .

plant

Fernández researches the neural basis of memory processes. He combines cognitive paradigms with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), various EEG techniques and occasionally pharmacological interventions or genetic analyzes. He dealt primarily with memory formation and stabilization and examined in particular how existing knowledge or emotions influence these processes.

Together with colleagues, he showed how, within the first two seconds, two different neural processes in the medial temporal lobe system contribute to the fact that read words can be remembered later. In studies of the subsequent stabilization of memory during sleep, he was able to show how the contribution of the medial temporal lobe system is taken over by a specific region in the prefrontal cortex . This region is particularly involved in integrating new knowledge with existing knowledge. These mechanisms are important for knowledge acquisition and have therefore found their way into educational research.

In studying the interaction between memory and emotion, Fernández et al. Discovered a shift in network activity that affects almost the entire brain that occurs when individuals feel threatened. This shift is caused by the neurotransmitter noradrenaline and limited or terminated by the stress hormone cortisone . It leads to far-reaching changes in cognitive processes including memory, danger perception and working memory. The activity balance of these networks is genetic and determined by previous experiences of significant dangers. These discoveries have led to a mechanistic model of hazard response that has received widespread attention in biological psychiatric research.

Awards

Fernández received the Richard Jung Prize of the German Society for Clinical Neurophysiology (DGKN) in 2002 and the Vici Prize of the Dutch Research Foundation (NWO) in 2005 . In 2016 he received the International Hermesdorf Award .

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Professor Guillén Fernández. Donders Institute, accessed September 11, 2017 .
  2. ↑ Guillén Fernandez, ERC Advanced grant 2010. Donders Institute, accessed September 11, 2017 .
  3. ↑ Fernández G, Effern A, Grunwald T, Pezer N, Lehnertz K, Dümpelmann M, Van Roost D, Elger CE. Real-time tracking of memory formation in the human rhinal cortex and hippocampus. Science 1999; 285: 1582-1585
  4. ↑ Fell J, Klaver P, Lehnertz K, Grunwald T, Schaller C, Elger CE, Fernández G. Human memory formation is accompanied by rhinal-hippocampal coupling and decoupling. Nature Neuroscience 2001; 4: 1259-1264
  5. ↑ Takashima A, Petersson KM, Rutters F, Tendolkar I, Jensen O, Zwarts MJ, McNaughton BL, Fernández G. Declarative memory consolidation in humans: a prospective functional magnetic resonance imaging study. (Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 2006; 103): 756-761
  6. ^ Van Dongen EV, Takashima A, Barth M, Zapp J, Schad LR, Paller KA, Fernández G. Memory stabilization with targeted reactivation during human slow-wave sleep. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 2012; 109: 10575-10580
  7. ↑ van Kesteren MTR, Rijpkema M, Ruiter DJ, Morris RGM, Fernández G. Building on prior knowledge: Schema-dependent encoding processes relate to academic performance. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 2014; 26: 2250-2261
  8. ^ Wagner IC, van Buuren M, Kroes MCW, Gutteling TP, van der Linden M, Morris RG, Fernández G. Schematic memory components converge within angular gyrus during retrieval. eLIFE 2015; 10.7554 / eLife.09668
  9. ↑ Hermans EJ, van Marle HJ, Ossewaarde L, Henckens MJAG, Qin S, van Kesteren MT, Schoots VC, Cousijn H, Rijpkema M, Oostenveld R, Fernández G. Stress-related noradrenergic activity prompts large-scale neural network reconfiguration. Science 2011; 334: 1151-1153
  10. ↑ Henckens MJAG, van Wingen GA, Joëls M, Fernández G. Time-dependent effects of corticosteroids on human amygdala processing. Journal of Neuroscience 2010; 30: 12725-12732
  11. ↑ Henckens MJAG, van Wingen GA, Joëls M, Fernández G. Time-dependent corticosteroid modulation of prefrontal working memory processing. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 2011; 108: 5801-5806
  12. ^ Qin S, Hermans EJ, van Marle HJF, Luo J, Fernández G. Acute psychological stress reduces working memory-related activity in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. Biological Psychiatry 2009; 66: 25-32
  13. ↑ van Marle HJF, Hermans EJ, Qin S, Fernández G. From specificity to sensitivity: How acute stress affects amygdala processing of biologically salient stimuli. Biological Psychiatry 2009; 66: 649-655
  14. ↑ Cousijn H, Rijpkema M, Qin S, van Marle HJF, Franke B, Hermans EJ, van Wingen G, Fernández G. Acute stress modulates genotype effects on amygdala processing in humans. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 2010; 107: 9867-9872
  15. ^ Van Wingen GA, Geuze E, Vermetten E, Fernández G. Perceived threat predicts the neural sequelae of combat stress. Molecular Psychiatry 2011; 16: 664-671
  16. ↑ Hermans EJ, Henckens MJAG, Joëls M, Fernández G. Dynamic adaptation of large-scale brain networks in response to acute stressors. Trends in Neurosciences 2014; 37: 304-314
  17. ↑ Prizes and winners. German Society for Clinical Neurophysiology, accessed on September 11, 2017 .
  18. ↑ Toekenningen Vici 2005. Dutch Science Foundation (NWO), accessed on 11 September 2017 (Dutch).
  19. ↑ 2016 Hermesdorf Awards for Van Houtum, Van Galen, and Fernandez - International Alumni
personal data
SURNAME Fernández, Guillén
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Fernández, Guillén Santiago Eusebio
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German neuroscientist and neurologist
DATE OF BIRTH August 12, 1964
PLACE OF BIRTH Bonn