Gurbansoltan-eje

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Gurbansoltan Eje ("mother of Gurbansoltan"; * 1913 in Gypjak , Russian Empire ; † October 6, 1948 in Ashgabat ) was the mother of the first post-Soviet Turkmen head of state and government, Saparmyrat Nyýazow ("Turkmenbaschi").

Gurbansoltan Eje was and is present in Turkmenistan in many ways due to the personality cult practiced by her son . A number of places and objects are named after her, and in the context of renaming of calendar names in the period from 2002 to 2008, the month of April was named after her in the Turkmen language. In 2002 she was posthumously honored with the country's highest honor, "Hero of Turkmenistan".

Life

Gurbansoltan-Eje was born in 1913, probably in Gypjak (the birthplace of her second son and hometown of her parents) and was married to Atamurat Annaniyazov; from 1938 to 1942 she gave birth to three sons. According to the official biography, her husband died in 1942 during the Great Patriotic War as a volunteer in fighting in the Caucasus. According to the same biography, Gurbansoltan Eje is said to have been a well-known carpet weaver.

She died in the early hours of October 6, 1948, together with her youngest and oldest son during the Ashgabat earthquake , leaving Saparmyrat an orphan.

Aftermath and mother cult

The personality cult practiced by Nyasow was largely a cult around his entire family - father, mother and brothers, after whom numerous streets, places and institutions were named.

In addition, a single month, traditional Turkmen bread and the Ashgabat wedding palace were named after Gurbansoltan-Eje. The year 2003 was the official “Gurbansoltan-Eje-Year”. Monuments were erected to her in the President's birthplace as well as in the capital; the memorial to the victims of the 1948 earthquake in Gypjak also bears her name.

She is depicted on several coins, and the Turkmen Women's Association and a medical institution bear her name, as has a city in the north of the country since 2004. A medal founded in 1996 is also called “Gurbansoltan Eje”.

A school is named after her in the village of Ruhabat Prinzip Ahal , and a memorial is erected in front of it.

Although many of the names were retained even after the death of the "Turkmenbashi", the cult around her person has declined; for example, the earthquake memorial has been officially referred to as the “memorial for the victims of the earthquake” since 2007, and the renaming of the month's names has been reversed. The order “Gurbansoltan Eje” was replaced in 2014 by the award Zenan kalby (“Woman's soul”).

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Dilip Hiro: Inside Central Asia: A Political and Cultural History of Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkey, and Iran Penguin, 2009, ISBN 978-159-0203-78-1 .
  2. ↑ Туркменбаши (Ниязов) Сапармурат Атамуратович. Официальная Биография centrasia.ru, accessed on October 5, 2014 ( memento of the original from June 29, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.centrasia.ru
  3. ^ Daniel Kalder: Turkmenistan: Proudly Maintaining the Tradition of Dictator Literature; publishingperspectives.com, December 13, 2013, accessed October 5, 2014
  4. ↑ Turkmenistan to build “Palace Of Happiness” named After President's Mother turkmenistan.ru, December 9, 2004, accessed October 5, 2014
  5. ↑ a b Arkadag not to honor Turkmenbashi's mother; Publication of Turkmen Initiative for Human Rights, chrono-tm.org, May 29, 2012, accessed on October 5, 2014 ( Memento of June 30, 2015 in the Internet Archive )
  6. ^ Science Clinic Center of Mother and Child Named Gurbansoltan Eje
  7. ↑ В Туркмении отменили орден в честь матери Туркменбаши lenta.ru, February 11, 2014, accessed October 5, 2014
  8. ^ Paul Brummell: Turkmenistan ; Bradt Travel Guides, 2005; ISBN 978-184-1621-44-9 , p. 109.
  9. ↑ Turkmen go back to old calendar April 24, 2008, bbc.co.uk
  10. ↑ Новые государственные награды Туркменистана turkmenistan.gov.tm, February 10, 2914, accessed October 5, 2014
personal data
SURNAME Gurbansoltan-eje
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Eje, Gurbansoltan
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Turkmen mother of the Turkmen head of state and government Saparmyrat Nyýazow
DATE OF BIRTH 1913
PLACE OF BIRTH Gypjak , Russian Empire
DATE OF DEATH October 6, 1948
Place of death Ashgabat , Turkmen SSR