Cast iron crane (Heilbronn)
The cast iron crane on the Kraneninsel on the Wilhelmskanal in Heilbronn is a technical and historical cultural monument .
history
After Neckar privilege of 1333 to Heilbronn became an important transit point for goods of all kinds, on the Neckar were transported, especially as the Neckar boat trip in Heilbronn by mills and weirs was stopped and reloaded all the city by water passing goods and because of the staple right also had to be offered for sale there. The reloading of the goods with a slewing crane, the old crane, mentioned in 1513 , was chargeable and one of the most important sources of income for the city.
After Heilbronn came to Württemberg after the Reichsdeputationshauptschluss , the city lost its stacking rights and the Wilhelmskanal was built until 1821 , which enabled a continuous navigation on the Neckar. At the same time, Heilbronn remained a trading town and, not least because of the old train station built directly on the Wilhelmskanal in 1848, and the neighboring customs office, it was also an important traffic junction and transhipment point. The loading of goods in the Heilbronn harbor area continued to be an important task, for which purpose new cranes were erected on the Lauer on the east side of the Wilhelm Canal, which quickly replaced the old cranes . Initially, wooden hand cranes with cast iron gears were used, and from 1829 also those made entirely of iron. Also in the winter harbor, which was built in 1855 and expanded in 1862, cranes were installed, which were initially operated by hand, later with steam power and then with electricity. In the canal port, which was completed in 1935 and still exists today, which replaced the Wilhelm Canal as the main shipping line, more modern and larger crane systems were finally used.
The hand crane that is now on the east bank of the Wilhelmskanal was originally at the customs office on the west bank in the 19th century, survived the destruction of the city in the Second World War and was moved to its current location in 1959. The crane was manufactured at the Wasseralfingen smelting works (later Schwäbische Hüttenwerke ). Original plans of the building type are no longer available. In 1995 the crane was therefore examined and measured by an engineer with the support of Wolffkran . The mechanical engineering student Peter Biba made the crane the subject of his diploma thesis at the Heilbronn University of Applied Sciences and made 24 overall and individual drawings.
literature
- Willi Zimmermann: The Heilbronn "Old Krahnen" , in: Historischer Verein Heilbronn. 30 publication , Heilbronn 1983, pp. 89-103.
- Peter Biba: The cast iron crane at the Heilbronn customs office (diploma thesis at the Heilbronn University of Applied Sciences), Heilbronn 1995.
- Karl Walter: The cast iron crane on the Wilhelmskanal , in: Stadtarchiv Heilbronn (Hrsg.): Heilbronnica. Contributions to the history of the city , Heilbronn 2000, pp. 59–67.
- Julius Fekete : Art and cultural monuments in the city and district of Heilbronn. Theiss, Stuttgart 2002, ISBN 3-8062-1662-2 , p. 45, ill. P. 46.
- Julius Fekete, Simon Haag, Adelheid Hanke, Daniela Neumann: Monument topography Baden-Württemberg. Volume 1.5: Heilbronn district , Ostfildern (Theiss) 2007, ISBN 978-3-8062-1988-3 , p. 112.
Web links
Coordinates: 49 ° 8 ′ 41.2 ″ N , 9 ° 12 ′ 49.5 ″ E