Gustav Herbst (medic)

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Ernst Friedrich Gustav Herbst (born January 5, 1803 in Uslar , † March 6, 1893 in Göttingen ) was a German physiologist .

Life

Gustav Herbst was the son of a doctorate teacher at the Göttingen grammar school. After attending school in Uslar and Göttingen, he began studying medicine at the Georg-August University in Göttingen in 1818 . He was a student there a. by Johann Friedrich Blumenbach . In 1823 he completed his medical studies with the academic degree Dr. med. and in 1826 became "Accessist at the Royal Library" ( Lower Saxony State and University Library Göttingen ).

In 1828 he succeeded August Murray (1797-1865) (a great-nephew of the medical doctor and botanist Johan Andreas Murray ) as assistant in the zoological and ethnographic department of the “Royal Academic Museum”, which was under the supervision of Johann Friedrich Blumenbach .

At that time he had already won two prizes for his work: in 1822 a prize offered by the medical faculty for a study on bleeding in adults and in 1827 “the prize of the physical class of the local society of sciences”.

In 1833 he received the "Blumenbachianum Stipendium" , which an "outstandingly worthy young man who is a doctor of medicine and whose further training gives hope through traveling that he will achieve something excellent in some branch of medicine or the natural sciences" should receive, “In order to be able to travel for a year for his further education and to pursue a certain scientific purpose.” Herbst used the scholarship to travel to England, France and Holland.

Professionally, Herbst was first as a candidate, then as a secretary at the University Library in Göttingen, before he changed there in 1829 as an assistant at the Academic Museum. In 1835 he became secretary of the university library and in 1836 assessor at the Royal Society of Sciences .

In addition, Herbst held a lectureship at the University of Göttingen from 1825 , and an extraordinary professorship in medicine from 1842 , which he held until his death in 1893.

On December 31, 1843, Herbst first observed the infiltration of solid particles from the intestinal lumen into the bloodstream, the Herbst effect named after him.

Between 1842 and 1851 Herbst tried to further research the Trichinella spiralis (at that time still called "Trichina spiralis"), discovered and described by the British physicians James Paget + Richard Owen in 1835 , and carried out a series of feeding experiments with trichinose meat on numerous mammals , Birds and amphibians . In his two reports to the Royal Society of Sciences, however, it became apparent that he had made errors in the evaluation of the results. So he mistakenly believed to be able to determine the origin of the trichinae from Filariae attenuatae ( ".... But since the trichinae of all animal species essentially show a similar formation, it can be assumed that they all come from filariae ..." ... "and therefore nothing else as young Filariae attenuatae who have stopped at the stage of embryonic development are…. ” ) Herbst discovered trichinae in their various phases of life in the experimental animals, but it was not possible for him to record the entire life cycle of the trichinae. Instead, he believed he could recognize 3 different types of trichinae (encapsulated, free and semi-free). These false assumptions confused the research more than he developed it. First Rudolf Leuckart , Rudolf Virchow , but above all Friedrich Albert von Zenker succeeded in uncovering the entire life cycle of the trichinae in 1860 - and thus to provide evidence of the serious pathological phenomena that the trichinae can cause in the human organism.

Fonts

  • Study of the way in which Asian cholera spreads. Deuerlich, Göttingen 1832.
  • The lymphatic system and its function. Depicted according to our own research. Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen 1841, ( digitized ).
  • The Pacinian bodies and their meaning. A contribution to the knowledge of the primitive nerve fibers. Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen 1848, ( digitized ).
  • The rage sickness of dogs and its prevention by internal means. With 2 pictures of angry dogs. Verlag der Dieterichschen Buchhandlung, Göttingen 1864, ( digitized version ).

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Jeremy M. Norman: Medicine, travel & anthropology: from the library of Johann Friedrich Blumenbach. San Francisco 1979 (book excerpt); P. V: Image: EF Gustav Herbst
  2. ↑ Christine Nawa: Collecting for Science? - The Academic Museum Göttingen (1773 - 1840). Master thesis. Göttingen 2010; here p. 97: Ernst Friedrich Gustav Herbst
  3. ↑ Christine Nawa: Collecting for Science? - The Academic Museum Göttingen (1773 - 1840). Master thesis. Göttingen 2010; here p. 96f .: August Murray
  4. ^ Gerhard Wagenitz: Göttingen biologists. 1737-1945. A biographical-bibliographical list (= Göttinger Universitätsschriften. Series C: Catalogs. 2). Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen 1988, p. 128
  5. ^ Georg-August-Universität Göttingen: The tradition of the Academic Museum
  6. ↑ Academic Museum of the University of Göttingen - Home
  7. ↑ Youtube: Lecture by Dr. Mike Reich (Bavarian State Collection for Paleontology and Geology): The Academic Museum Göttingen
  8. ^ Pütter / Saalfeld / Oesterley: Attempt of an academic scholarly story from the Georg Augustus University in Göttingen. Fourth part: From 1820 to the first secular celebration of the university in 1837. Göttingen 1838; P. 91
  9. ^ Pütter / Saalfeld / Oesterley: Attempt of an academic scholarly story from the Georg Augustus University in Göttingen. Fourth part: From 1820 to the first secular celebration of the university in 1837. Göttingen 1838; P. 109ff. (§ 45 From the Royal Foundation of Annual Prize Questions for All Four Faculties); here p. 112: Cum mirus sane et passim vere abnormalis exstat dissensus physiologorum in aestimanda quantitate sanguinis, qualis homini adulto et sano convenit; sesiderat ordo criticum istarum sententiarum recensum et probabilem saltem ejusmodi calculi, qui propius a vero abesse videatur, demonstrationem.
  10. ^ Biographical lexicon of outstanding doctors: Herbst, Ernst Friedrich Gustav
  11. ^ Pütter / Saalfeld / Oesterley: Attempt of an academic scholarly story from the Georg Augustus University in Göttingen. Fourth part: From 1820 to the first secular celebration of the university in 1837. Göttingen 1838; P. 488f. : 3) Ernst Friedrich Gustav Herbst; + P. 102/103
  12. ↑ Christine Nawa: Collecting for Science? - The Academic Museum Göttingen (1773 - 1840). Master thesis. Göttingen 2010; here p. 97: Ernst Friedrich Gustav Herbst
  13. ^ Pütter / Saalfeld / Oesterley: Attempt of an academic scholarly story from the Georg Augustus University in Göttingen. Fourth part: From 1820 to the first secular celebration of the university in 1837. Göttingen 1838; P. 422
  14. ^ Pütter / Saalfeld / Oesterley: Attempt of an academic scholarly story from the Georg Augustus University in Göttingen. Fourth part: From 1820 to the first secular celebration of the university in 1837. Göttingen 1838; Pp. 423 + 489
  15. ^ Pütter / Saalfeld / Oesterley: Attempt of an academic scholarly story from the Georg Augustus University in Göttingen. Fourth part: From 1820 to the first secular celebration of the university in 1837. Göttingen 1838; P. 88
  16. ^ Pütter / Saalfeld / Oesterley: Attempt of an academic scholarly story from the Georg Augustus University in Göttingen. Fourth part: From 1820 to the first secular celebration of the university in 1837. Göttingen 1838; P. 489
  17. ↑ Holger Krahnke: The members of the Academy of Sciences in Göttingen 1751-2001 (= Treatises of the Academy of Sciences in Göttingen, Philological-Historical Class. Volume 3, Vol. 246 = Treatises of the Academy of Sciences in Göttingen, Mathematical-Physical Class. Episode 3, vol. 50). Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen 2001, ISBN 3-525-82516-1 , p. 111.
  18. ↑ Gerhard Volkheimer: Resorption of large-body elements (studies on the Herbst effect). In: food. Vol. 8, No. 8, 1964, ISSN  0027-769X , pp. 691-702, doi : 10.1002 / food.19640080813 .
  19. ^ Richard Owen: Description of a Microscopic Entozoon infesting the Muscles of the Human Body. In: Transactions of the Zoological Society of London. Vol. I. (1835), pp. 315-324
  20. ^ Archives for Anatomy, Physiology and Scientific Medicine, Jg. 1835, pp. 526-528: A microscopic internal worm in the human muscles. By R. Owen (The Owens report translated / described by Jacob Henle)
  21. ^ Branz: How Parasites Make History: On Pork and People in the Nineteenth Century. In: Bulletin of the German Historical Institute, Washington, DC 36 (Spring 2005): 69-79
  22. ↑ V.Becker / H.Schmidt: The discovery history of Trichinella and trichinosis. Berlin-Heidelberg-New York 1975, p. 4, F. 2
  23. ↑ Gustav Herbst: Report to the Royal. Society of Sciences on Observations on Trichina spiralis, on the transmission of intestinal worms (1st report). In: News from the GA University and the Königl. Society of Sciences in Göttingen No. December 19, 1851, pp. 260-264
  24. ↑ Gustav Herbst: Report to the Royal. Society of Sciences on the Nature and Distribution of Trichina Spiris (2nd report). In: News from the GA University and the Königl. Society of Sciences in Göttingen No. 12 / November 1852, pp. 183-204
  25. ↑ Gustav Herbst: Report to the Royal. Society of Sciences on the Nature and Distribution of Trichina Spiris (2nd report). In: News from the GA University and the Königl. Society of Sciences in Göttingen No. 12 / November 1852, pp. 183-204; here: p. 192
  26. ↑ Gustav Herbst: Report to the Royal. Society of Sciences on the Nature and Distribution of Trichina Spiris (2nd report). In: News from the GA University and the Königl. Society of Sciences in Göttingen No. 12 / November 1852, pp. 183-204; here: p. 188ff. + 193ff.
  27. ^ Benjamin Schwartz: Discovery of Trichinae and Determination of Their Life History and Pathogenicity. In: Proceedings of The Helminthological Society of Washington Vol. 27 (Special Anniversary Number), December 1960, No. 3, pp. 261-268; here: 263
  28. ↑ V.Becker / H.Schmidt: The discovery history of Trichinella and trichinosis. Berlin-Heidelberg-New York 1975
  29. ↑ Rudolf Virchow: The doctrine of the Trichinen with consideration of the precautionary measures required thereby for laymen and physicians. Berlin / 3. Ed. 1866
  30. ^ Rudolf Leukart: Investigations on Trichina spiralis. Leipzig + Heidelberg 1860
  31. ^ Friedrich Albert von Zenker: About the trichinosis of the people. In: Virchow's archive for pathological anatomy and physiology and for clinical medicine, Berlin, 1860, 18, pp. 561-572
  32. ↑ Jacob Justus: History of the discovery of the Trichinen. In: Ärzteblatt Sachsen 5/2008
  33. ^ German biography: Friedrich Albert von Zenker
  34. ↑ Medi Campus - University of Münster - Faculty of Medicine: Who was Friedrich Albert von Zenker?

literature

  • Gerhard Wagenitz : Göttingen biologists. 1737-1945. A biographical-bibliographical list (= Göttinger Universitätsschriften. Series C: Catalogs. 2). Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen 1988, ISBN 3-525-35876-8 , pp. 78-79 .
personal data
SURNAME Autumn, Gustav
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Herbst, Ernst Friedrich Gustav (full name)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German physiologist
DATE OF BIRTH January 5, 1803
PLACE OF BIRTH Uslar
DATE OF DEATH March 6, 1893
Place of death Goettingen