Gustav Kolb (physician)
Gustav Kolb (* December 4, 1870 in Ansbach ; † March 20, 1938 in Starnberg ) was a German psychiatrist who went down in the history of psychiatry with his "open (insane) care".
Life
Kolb studied medicine at the University of Erlangen and was a licensed doctor since 1895 . Then he worked at the Bayreuth Sanatorium. Kolb saw the need to open the overcrowded, closed “preservation” institutions, in which, after admitting a patient, hardly any consideration was given to discharge. For this purpose, he developed a system during his work as the director of the institution in Kutzenberg (1905-1911) and Erlangen (1911-1934), which facilitated admission and discharge and offered work and employment opportunities. “False protection courts” should control the institutions. The different needs of the patients had to be addressed with children's wards, drinking sanctuaries and old people's homes.
Despite his conservative attitude, Kolb saw the new political conditions after the First World War as a good opportunity to change institutional psychiatry in the direction of psychosocial care. He went public in 1919 and called for his concept of community-based psychiatry to be put into practice. The most important measure against the overcrowding of the institutions was the organization of welfare measures outside the institution. An essential part of this was the recording and observation of the patients released from the asylums and their professional and social reintegration.
The National Socialists later recognized this part of Kolb's system as an ideal tool for their health and race ideology and abused the recording and control mechanisms for their euthanasia projects .
Despite a request from the district president, he did not join the NSDAP in May 1933 and was relieved of his post as director in Erlangen in 1934.
The system of open care, which is also widely recognized abroad, has been adopted by almost all German clinics.
Publications
- Literature by and about Gustav Kolb in the catalog of the German National Library
- Hans Roemer, Gustav Kolb and Valentin Faltlhauser: Open care in psychiatry and its border areas. A guide for doctors, social hygienists, economists, administrative officials and public and private welfare bodies. , Berlin, Julius Springer, 1927
literature
- Klaus-Dieter Dresler, Jana Neukirchner (Ed.): Psychiatric family care - Cared for living in host families yesterday - today - tomorrow. (Documentation of the 20th Federal Family Care Conference 2005 in Jena). University of Applied Sciences Jena, Jena 2006, ISBN 3-932886-11-9 . (pdf; 3.2 MB)
- Astrid Ley: Psychiatry criticism by psychiatrists. Social reform and professional policy goals of the Erlanger institution director Gustav Kolb. In: Heiner Fangerau, Karen Nolte (Ed.): “Modern” institutional psychiatry in the 19th and 20th centuries: legitimation and criticism. Pp. 195-196. Online excerpt
Web links
- HJ Luderer: On the History of Psychiatric Treatment Procedures (October 12, 2003)
- Hans Ludwig Siemen: open care by Gustav Kolb 1919 in Erlangen in psychiatry in the 20th century, 1996. published in Irmgard Rathsmann-Sponsel and Rudolf Sponsel: What does antipsychiatry mean and how should it be assessed? Internet publication for general and integrative psychotherapy, Erlangen.
- Felicitas Söhner: Biography of Gustav Kolb In: Biographical Archive of Psychiatry (BIAPSY) .
Notes and individual references
- ↑ a b Klaus-Dieter Dresler / Jana Neukirchner (ed.): Psychiatric family care - Assisted living in host families yesterday - today - tomorrow , Jena 2006, p. 98f
- ↑ a b Weblink Luderer: On the history of psychiatric treatment methods
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Kolb, Gustav |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | German psychiatrist |
| DATE OF BIRTH | 4th December 1870 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Ansbach |
| DATE OF DEATH | March 20, 1938 |
| Place of death | Starnberg |