Győző Zemplén
Győző Zemplén (born October 17, 1879 in Nagykanizsa , Hungary ; † June 29, 1916 at Monte Dorole ) was a Hungarian physicist who dealt with hydrodynamics and kinetic gas theory.
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Zemplén grew up in Fiume in Croatia . In 1896 he began his studies at the University of Budapest and at the age of 19 won a prize for an essay on the viscosity of gases. He made theoretical and experimental studies, with which he received his doctorate in 1902 . In 1900 he published the essay on the basic hypotheses of the kinetic gas theory in the Annalen der Physik , but had previously published mathematical works. In the same year he graduated from the university but remained as a research assistant. In 1902 he became assistant to Loránd Eötvös , who sent him to Göttingen and Paris to study abroad in 1904/05 . In Göttingen he developed a new mathematical treatment of the theory of shock waves , which attracted the attention of Felix Klein , who invited him to write a corresponding article in the Encyclopedia of Mathematical Sciences . By applying entropy considerations (instead of only the energy law , as was previously the case ), he solved an open problem in the theory of shock waves in an essay Le impossibilite des ondes de choc negative dans le gaz in the Comptes Rendus of the Academie des Sciences 1905. He showed that shock waves must be pressure waves that only propagate in the direction of areas of lower pressure (Zemplen's law). On his return from Paris and his habilitation in 1905, he became a private lecturer at the university (1905) and at the Technical University of Budapest (1907). In 1912 he became a professor at the Technical University on a chair for theoretical physics set up especially for him. In addition, from 1908 he was a professor at the teachers' college and was also active in reforming physics teaching in Hungary. Zemplen also dealt with the then new theory of relativity , wrote a textbook on electrodynamics ( The electricity and its practical applications 1910) and translated a book by Marie Curie on radioactivity and wrote a book on this subject in 1905.
In 1908 he became a member of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences , whose Rozsay Prize he received in 1911. From 1898 he was a member of the Hungarian Society for Natural Sciences. In 1914 he became secretary of the Society for Mathematical and Physical Sciences founded by Eötvös and editor of its journal. He was active in these and a few other societies and committees and was also a founding member of the university's football club.
During the First World War he volunteered and ran a battery of mortars on the Serbian front. For some time he was in a hospital in Klagenfurt with typhus , but was then back at the front in an offensive against the Italians on Monte Dorole in June 1916. He was hit by shrapnel at an advanced observation post and died shortly afterwards.
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| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Zemplén, Győző |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Hungarian physicist |
| DATE OF BIRTH | October 17, 1879 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Nagykanizsa , Hungary |
| DATE OF DEATH | June 29, 1916 |
| Place of death | on Monte Dorole |