Hotel d'Alençon

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Coordinates: 48 ° 51 ′ 47.2 ″  N , 2 ° 21 ′ 15.6 ″  E The Hôtel d'Alençon was a city palace in Paris , which over the centuries was mainly inhabited by members of the royal family. It stood to the west of the Rue de l'Amiral de Coligny (then Rue des Poulies) and south of the Rue de Rivoli (which did not yet exist in the Middle Ages), i.e.in the northeastern part of today's Cour Carrée des Palais du Louvre . To the south of the Hôtel d'Alençon - separated by the Rue du Petit-Bourbon - stood the Hôtel du Petit-Bourbon , and to the south-east of the site was the church of Saint-Germain l'Auxerrois . The history of the Hôtel d'Alençon stretches from the middle of the 13th to the middle of the 18th century and due to its numerous changes of ownership and name, splits, demolitions and restorations, it is involved and not clearly clarified in details.

The Hôtel d'Autriche

Edmond de Poulie owned a large house with a garden northeast of the Louvre in the 13th century, which he Alphonse de Poitiers (1220-1271), Count of Poitou since 1241 and (through his wife) Count of Toulouse since 1249 , the king's younger brother Louis IX , sold. He had his city residence built here from 1254–1262, and by buying neighboring houses he was able to make the hotel much larger than the Poulies house that he had bought. The residence, which was east of the now defunct Rue d'Autriche, which separated the Palais from the Louvre, was initially called the Hôtel d'Hosteriche, although it is unclear whether the hotel was named after the street or the street after the hotel. It was later given the name Hôtel d'Alençon.

In 1281 the hotel belonged to Archambaud, Count of Périgord († 1295), who in that year sold one half to Pierre de France , Count of Alençon and, since 1279, through his wife, Count of Blois , a younger son of Louis IX. Pierre de France died in 1284 without an heir and at least his apanage reverted to the crown.

The owner of the hotel was then Enguerrand de Marigny († 1315), who made extensions to the Rue de Poulies after he had taken over the houses and properties there from the Chapter of Saint-Germain-l'Auxerrois. After Marigny's fall in 1314, his property was confiscated if the hotel was to be destroyed, but this did not happen. The new owner was Charles II. De Valois († 1346), Count of Alençon, the son of that Charles I de Valois , who was ruler of France from 1314 to 1316 after Marigny's fall; in the year after the death of Charles II in 1347, his widow Maria of Castile († 1375) lived in the palace.

Around 1380, the Hôtel d'Autriche existed as an L-shaped and thus two-wing building with a side length of over 100 meters on the west and south sides, and a thickness of 40 meters.

During this period, during the Hundred Years War (1337-1453), the hotel seems to have fallen into disrepair, as a note from 1421 states: "A large hotel in ruins, called the Hôtel d'Autriche, belonging to the Duke of Alençon" , "Empty, destroyed and uninhabitable". Duke of Alençon was Jean de Valois (1409–1476) in 1421 and it can be assumed on the basis of the note that the hotel has been in the family's uninterrupted possession since Charles II. Nevertheless, the name Hôtel d'Alençon does not seem to have caught on until the 15th century. René de Valois, duc d'Alençon (1454–1492), sold the hotel in 1470.

The Hôtel d'Alençon

Since the sale of 1470 at the latest, the parts of the hotel have been known as the Grand Hôtel d'Alençon (on the Rue d'Autriche, i.e. in the north and west), and the Petit Hôtel d'Alençon (on the west side of the Rue des Poulies and on the Rue du Petit-Bourbon, i.e. in the south and east). After that, the ownership structure becomes confusing and probably also inconsistent - and 180 years later one can no longer even talk about one (or two) closed building complexes.

The map of Jacques Gomboust from 1652 shows on the east side of the Hôtel d'Alençon (i.e. in the area of ​​the Petit Hôtel) from north to south the following palaces with inner courtyards: d'Aumont, Villequier, H de Longueville and M de Choisy , die the first two without, the last two with a park that extends as far as the former Rue d'Autriche, now known as the Rue du Louvre.

On the west side (in the area of ​​the Grand Hôtel) to the north is the Hôtel de Créquy, which was built in 1622 for Charles I. de Blanchefort, marquis de Créquy (1578–1638), Marshal of France, and south of it the H de la Force , the residence of Armand Nompar de Caumont, since 1652 2nd Duc de la Force (1580–1675), also Marshal of France, which due to the rise of the family will come from around the same time.

In total, six palaces were named for the site of the Hôtel d'Alençon in the middle of the 17th century, four of which (those of the Petit-Hôtel) are at least structurally connected, while the residences of the two marshals stand alone.

The following events are significant from these 180 years:

  • In 1519 Nicolas II. De Neufville († 1553), Trésorier de France and from 1524 Seigneur de Villeroy, had the Grand Hotel restored. He still owned it in 1552.
  • On May 15, 1568, his son Nicolas III sold it. de Neufville de Villeroy († 1598) to the Duke of Anjou , later King Henry III. (1551-1589). Anjou left it to the queen "undoubtedly in 1573, when he was elected King of Poland", who in turn gave it to her doctor Honorat de Castellan.
  • In 1578 Albert de Gondi, duc de Retz (1522–1602) bought their share of the Hôtel d'Alençon from the Castellan's children and named it "Hôtel de Retz" - it was the house that François Ravaillac moved to on May 14th 1610 after stabbing King Henri IV to prevent him from being lynched by the mob.
  • In 1580 Marie de Bourbon, Duchesse d'Estouteville , the widowed Duchess of Longueville († 1601), bought the Grand Hôtel for 1400 Écus d'or , which she had renewed and which was then called Hôtel de Longueville.
  • Louise de Lorraine (1588–1631), the second wife of de Prince de Conti (1558–1614), bought half of the hotel and had a new building built here, which bore her name; part of it was sold to the king by the Duke of Guise .

The end of the Hôtel d'Alençon or its parts was heralded with the plan of Louis XIV to build the Claude Perrault colonnade , today's eastern end of the Louvre.

  • King Louis XIV acquired the Petit Hôtel in 1657 and the Longueville share on August 13, 1662, and had the parts closest to the Louvre demolished (the Petit Hôtel was demolished in 1664).
  • However, since the project was only partially implemented, the building remained standing and in 1709 it was restored as the residence of the Marquis d'Antin in his role as surintendant des bâtiments du roi (administrator of the royal castles) - after which the hotel only became “la Surintendance "was called.
  • In 1738 the Grand Hôtel was restored to take up the administration des postes (postal administration).
  • In 1758, the last remains of the Grand Hôtel d'Alençon were demolished to create space for the Place du Louvre.

The Hôtel d'Alençon on old Parisian city maps

  • around 1550 (Truschet & Hoyau): the Hôtel d'Alençon is in the middle left

  • around 1550 (Saint Victor): the Hôtel d'Alençon is in the middle left

  • 1652 (Gomboust): The divided Hôtel d'Alençon can be found in the middle left with (from left to right) the Hotel d'Aumont, the Villequiers and Choisys houses, and the Hôtel de Force below the Hôtel d'Aumont

literature

  • Alfred Fierro, Dictionnaire du Paris disparu, 335 p., 2003, ISBN 978-2840963325
  • Alfred Franklin , Étude historique et topographique sur le plan de Paris de 1540, dit plan de tapisserie, 1869, p. 38
  • MJ de Gaulle, Histoire de Paris et ses environs, 1839, pp. 246f
  • Henri Sauval . Histoire et recherches des antiquite's de la ville de Paris , 3 volumes. Paris, 1724: Charles Moette; Jacques Chardon. Volume 1 , Volume 2 and Volume 3

Remarks

  1. ↑ de Gaulle
  2. ↑ Fierro; Franklin, de Gaulle: around 1250
  3. ↑ Fierro; Franklin: "hôtel d'Autruche ou d'Autriche"; de Gaulle: "d'Autriche (Eastern Rivers)"
  4. ↑ Plan restitué den Paris en 1380, réalisé en 1975 au Laboratoire Cartographique Thématique, par Jacquelin Leuridan et Jacques-Albert Mallet, Center national de la recherche scientifique , CNRS Éditions 1991, 1999
  5. ^ "Un grand Hotel en ruine appellé l'Hotel d'Austruche, appartenant à Mr le duc d'Alençon" (Sauval, Volume 3, preuves, p. 311), quoted in Franklin
  6. ↑ "vuide, ruinée et inhabitable" (Sauval, Volume 3, p. 294, quoted by de Gaulle)
  7. ↑ Fierro
  8. ↑ Franklin
  9. ↑ "Situé du côté ouest de la rue des Poulies (rue du Louvre), au croisement de la rue du Petit Bourbon, il était sans doute la partie sud du Grand Hôtel d'Alençon et en fut détaché en 1470." (Fierro) ; de Gaulle sees the allocation of names as early as the beginning of the 15th century, despite the 1412 bill
  10. ↑ "... l'hôtel d'Alençon, que nous retrouverons plus tard sous les noms d'hôtel de Longueville, de Villequier & de la Force ..." (Franklin, p. 39)
  11. ↑ Fierro
  12. ↑ Franklin, de Gaulle
  13. ↑ He was the father of Nicolas de Neufville, seigneur de Villeroy (1542-1617)
  14. ^ Elisabeth of Austria (1554–1592)
  15. ↑ "Ce fut sans doute en 1573, lorsqu'il fut appelé au trône de Pologne, qu'il le laissa à la pure ..." (de Gaulle)
  16. ↑ According to Fierro, the royal advisor and doctor Honorat de Castellan owned the Petit Hôtel d'Alençon as early as 1561
  17. ↑ Fierro clearly means the Petit Hôtel
  18. ↑ Fierro sees a Duc (correct: Marquis) de Choisy as the one who bought the Petit Hôtel from the Duc de Retz - which means that the house of M. de Choisy drawn on the plan of the Gomboust would be referred to as the former Hôtel de Retz
  19. ↑ Fierro; de Gaulle: 1581
  20. ↑ She was the sister and heiress of François de Bourbon, Duc d'Estouteville
  21. ↑ de Gaulle, here: "acheta ... une partie ..."
  22. ↑ Fierro
  23. ^ To Fierro das Grand Hotel; de Gaulle: he acquired the Longueville share in 1665
  24. ↑ Fierro
  25. ↑ Fierro; de Gaulle: 1730