Cave spiders
Cave spiders | ||||||||||||
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Male Nesticus species from Northern California |
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Systematics | ||||||||||||
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Scientific name | ||||||||||||
Nesticidae | ||||||||||||
Simon , 1894 |
The cave spiders (Nesticidae) are a family of real spiders from the superfamily of the orb web spiders (Araneoideae). The family comprises 13 genera and 233 species . (As of June 2016)
Description and way of life
The native cave spider species are very small (body length less than 1 mm) to medium-sized (5.5 mm) troglophilic animals that build space nets in crevices , caves , tunnels or cellars . They are pale yellow with black spots. The species are very similar and can only be distinguished under a good reflected light microscope and possibly by genital morphological examination.
According to Sauer and Wunderlich, they are originally at home in the system of gaps in scree slopes and colonize natural caves and crevices roughly as far as small snails . They can also be found very rarely in the vicinity of these habitats. Basements are only substitute living spaces . They need darkness and high humidity. The animals live in loose societies up front in their wide-meshed nets, from which catch threads are stretched downwards. The females weave a loose egg ball that they carry around with them attached to the spinnerets.
Native species
Only three species of the genus Nesticus have been found in Central Europe :
- Nesticus cellulanus ( Clerck , 1757 ) - relatively rare, but in some places numerous in the entire Holarctic ,
- Nesticus eremita Simon, 1879 - rare in Europe
- Nesticus idriacus Roewer, 1931 - so far only found in Austria and Italy .
Systematics
The World Spider Catalog currently lists 13 genera and 233 species for cave spiders. (As of June 2016)
- Aituaria Esyunin & Efimik , 1998
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Canarionesticus Wunderlich , 1992
- Canarionesticus quadridentatus Wunderlich , 1992
- Carpathonesticus Lehtinen & Saaristo , 1980
- Cyclocarcina Komatsu , 1942
- Eidmannella Roewer , 1935
- Gaucelmus Keyserling , 1884
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Hamus Ballarin & Li , 2015
- Hamus bowoensis Ballarin & Li , 2015
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Nescina Ballarin & Li , 2015
- Nescina minuta Ballarin & Li , 2015
- Nesticella Lehtinen & Saaristo , 1980
- Nesticus Thorell , 1869
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Pseudonesticus Liu & Li , 2013
- Pseudonesticus clavatus Liu & Li , 2013
- Typhlonesticus Kulczyński , 1914
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Wraios Ballarin & Li , 2015
- Wraios longiembolus Ballarin & Li , 2015
Web links
Nesticidae in the World Spider Catalog
literature
- Heiko Bellmann: Cosmos-Atlas of the arachnids of Europe . Kosmos, Stuttgart 1997, ISBN 3-440-07025-5 .
- Frieder Sauer & Jörg Wunderlich: The most beautiful spiders in Europe. , Fauna-Verlag, 2001, ISBN 3-923010-03-6 .
- A. Hänggi, E. Stöckli & W. Nentwig: Habitats of Central European Spiders. Miscellanea Faunistica Helvetiae 4. Neuchatel / Bern 1995, ISBN 2-88414-008-5 .
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Natural History Museum of the Burgergemeinde Bern: World Spider Catalog Version 17.0 - Nesticidae . Retrieved June 14, 2016.
- ↑ Heimer, Stephan & Nentwig, Wolfgang (1991): Spinnen Mitteleuropas - A determination book. Paul Parey, Berlin and Hamburg 1991, ISBN 3-489-53534-0 .
- ↑ Heiko Bellmann: Kosmos-Atlas of the arachnids of Europe . Kosmos, Stuttgart 1997, ISBN 3-440-07025-5 .
- ↑ Frieder Sauer and Jörg Wunderlich, Jörg: The most beautiful spiders in Europe . Fauna-Verlag, Karlsfeld 1985.
- ↑ A. Hänggi, E. Stöckli & W. Nentwig: Habitats of Central European Spiders. Miscellanea Faunistica Helvetiae 4. Neuchatel / Bern 1995, ISBN 2-88414-008-5 .
- ↑ Blick, T .; Bosmans, R .; Buchar, J .; Gajdoš, P .; Hänggi, A .; Van Helsdingen, P; Růžička, V .; Starega, W. & Thaler, K .: Checklist of the spiders of Central Europe (Arachnida: Araneae). Version December 1, 2004 ( PDF; 1.4 MB ( Memento from August 23, 2016 in the Internet Archive ))