Czerniaków port
The port of Czerniaków (also known as Czerniakowski port , Polish: Port Czerniakowski ) is one of three Vistula ports in Warsaw . It is located on the west bank of the Vistula in the Czerniaków area belonging to the Mokotów district . During the Second World War , the area around the port played an important military role. Mass executions also took place here. Today the port is used to a small extent in summer by rowing and yacht clubs, but is otherwise no longer used. It is planned to develop the area into a local recreation area.
Geographical location
The inland port is located at the level of the “Solec” settlement south of the Most Poniatowski bridge. The bridge of the east-west city motorway Trasa Łazienkowska , which crosses here , leads over the harbor. The system consists of a one kilometer long canal that runs parallel to the Vistula from north to south and ends in a 100 by 300 meter basin. This basin, popularly known as “Patelnia” ( pan ) because of its shape , used to be used as a winter berth for ships. There are moorings on both sides of the canal. The canal is regulated on its open north side by a lock . Pedestrians can pass the lock bridge and enter the headland between the Canal and the Vistula. The Ulica Mariusza Zaruskiego, named after Mariusz Zaruski , runs here from Ulica Czerniakowska (Vistula bank road) and turns eastwards around the port facility. It ends at a regatta club based there today.
history
Around the beginning of the 19th century, the construction of fortified Vistula moorings began on the west side of the Vistula near the Solec district. This was preceded by a partial regulation of the previously constantly changing river course in a wider river bed.
In 1848 Count Andrzej Artur Zamoyski established a shipyard here that produced steam tugs. Later, Maurycy Fajans also produced passenger steamers for up to 500 passengers here. The port facilities were expanded for the first time in 1884 and again in 1904 by Antoni Kwiciński .
Before the outbreak of World War II, steamships and barges up to 65 meters in length were still being built and repaired here.
Second World War
During the German occupation , the Wehrmacht set up a gas station on the port area. During the Warsaw Uprising , the area was captured by the Polish Home Army . As part of the retreat of the German units from the eastward parts of the city, German troops attacked the occupied Czerniaków area and above all the port on September 13, 1944 under bombing and artillery fire, in order to be able to build a new defensive line on the west side of the Vistula . Because of the violent attacks, the insurgents had to withdraw from the port. In the following days, however, the area became the main combat area in Warsaw.
On the night of September 16, the 1st Battalion of the 9th Regiment of the Polish 3rd Infantry Division of the Polish People's Army managed to land here. By morning around 300 Polish soldiers had been dropped off on the river bank. Further troops could not translate because of heavy shelling at daybreak. The weak Polish beachhead was attacked by superior German forces over the next few days until it was smashed on September 22, 1944. After the port was recaptured by German units, the Polish population of the area was driven to the port and partially executed. A total of 2,056 soldiers of the Polish Army and the Red Army as well as insurgents fell here . To commemorate the bloody fighting in late summer 1944, thirty years after the end of the war, a three-part memorial was erected in honor of the Polish storm pioneers (Polish: “Pomnik Chwała Saperom”). One component is on a pillar at the port entrance.
post war period
After the war, the Polish military temporarily set up a slaughterhouse at the port. The shipyard was soon put back into operation. In 1951 the Warszawska Stocznia Rzeczna (German: Warschauer Flusswerft ) was founded. From 1951 to 1958 barges were built here and Vistula motor ships were overhauled. Steel bridge elements for export to Iraq were also manufactured here.
Between 1958 and 1969, in addition to 24 barges of the "Żubr" ( bison ) type, 30 small passenger ships for use on inland lakes were built at the shipyard. The last ship produced here was a Nile ship constructed from drawings that were 4000 years old . It was built by Jerzy Kawalerowicz for the film Pharaoh .
The shipyard was liquidated in 1969. The repair ramps were torn down or filled with rubble. Ambitious plans for the port's tourist development in the 1970s were hardly implemented. The “Horyzont” sports center of the Polish United Workers' Party was established on the headland . The Vistula Bridge on the Trasa Łazienkowska (German: Łazienki expressway) was built over the former shipyard in the early 1970s.
today
Since the port has not been used commercially for 40 years and has hardly been maintained or preserved, it has developed into a versatile biotope. Today it offers a habitat for various types of fish, crabs, otters and beavers . Birds also find a refuge here - in the center of Warsaw: swamp owls , herons , terns , cormorants , gray wagtails , buzzards and eagles can all be seen here.
For several years now, the Fundacji Ja Wisła (I Vistula Foundation), which came about from a private initiative, has been carefully revitalizing Warsaw's oldest port in order to preserve this historical site. The silt that had accumulated over the past few decades was removed from the harbor basin and walls repaired. A variety of activities are organized on the site, especially in summer: concerts, parties, open-air cinemas, beach facilities. In addition to some resident rowing clubs, the port is used by anglers. Some houseboats have also moored here.
future
The future design of the port area is unclear. The foundation is fundamentally critical of urban plans for the reorganization of the area. The architecture office Tomcat of the architect Tomasz Olszewski won an architecture competition held in autumn 2010. The plan is to protect the area from the noise of the multi-lane Czerniakowska Street by erecting an intermediate building. Dining facilities and bicycle paths are to be built on the site itself.
Views
The newly built lock, outside view
Shipwreck "Tadek" and ramps in 2007
Yacht club PTTK "Rejsy - Żeglarski klub turystyczny"
The rowing club WTW, founded in 1878
See also
literature
- Janina Rukowska: Travel guide to Warsaw and surroundings. 3rd edition, ISBN 83-217-2380-2 , Sport i Turystyka, Warsaw 1982, p. 119
Web links
- City of Warsaw website on the port (in Polish)
- Old photo of the port
References and comments
- ↑ Czerniakowski is the adjective form of Czerniaków in Polish
- ^ Mariusz Zaruski (1867–1941) was a Polish general and a pioneer of sailing.
- ↑ Andrzej Artur Zamoyski (1800–1874) was a Polish landowner, politician and businessman. In 1842 he became co-editor of the Rocznik Gospodarstwa Krajowego annual book .
- ↑ Maurycy Fajans (1827-1897) was a pioneer of steam shipping in Poland, according to Andrzej Podgórski: Maurycy Fajans - every z pionierów żeglugi parowej na Wiśle. on the website Żegluga Środladowa wczoraj, dziś, jutro ... (in Polish)
- ↑ a b c according to Przemysław Bogusz: Rzeka pełna możliwości. ( Page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. at EchoMiasta ( Polskalokalna.pl ) on June 13, 2009 (in Polish)
- ↑ according to Janusz Piekalkiewicz: Battle for Warsaw. Stalin's betrayal of the Polish Home Army in 1944. FA Herbig Verlagbuchhandlung, ISBN 3-7766-1699-7 , Munich 1994, p. 208
- ↑ according to Janusz Piekalkiewicz: Battle for Warsaw. Stalin's betrayal of the Polish Home Army in 1944. FA Herbig Verlagbuchhandlung, ISBN 3-7766-1699-7 , Munich 1994, pp. 217f.
- ↑ according to Janina Rutkowska, see LitVerz
- ↑ according to the project of the Historical Museum of the Capital City of Warsaw, the State Archives of the Capital City of Warsaw and the German Foundation for Lower Saxony Memorials: Expelled from Warsaw in 1944, children's fates , report by Wodzimierz Szurmak on Banwar1944.eu
- ↑ according to Mateusz Wróbel: Ratusz nie chce Ja Wisła. "Never wyprowadzimy się stąd" at Tvnwarszawa.pl on September 19, 2011 (in Polish)
- ↑ according to Michał Wojtczuk: Tak ma wyglądać Port Czerniakowski. Zobacz project. at Gazeta.pl from December 3, 2010 (in Polish)
Coordinates: 52 ° 13 ′ 18 ″ N , 21 ° 2 ′ 50 ″ E