Creeping plum

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Creeping plum
Oat plum (Prunus domestica subsp. Insititia)

Oat plum
( Prunus domestica subsp. Insititia )

Systematics
Family : Rose family (Rosaceae)
Subfamily : Spiraeoideae
Tribe : Stone fruit family (Amygdaleae)
Genre : Prunus
Type : Plum ( Prunus domestica )
Subspecies : Creeping plum
Scientific name
Prunus domestica subsp. insititia
( L. ) Bonnier & Layens

The creeping plum ( Prunus domestica subsp. Insititia ), in short Krieche or Kriecherl (bair./österr.) , Also called oat plum , is a subspecies of the plum ( Prunus domestica ). It is cultivated in Europe, West Asia, India, North Africa and North America.

features

The creeping plum is a shallow-rooted tree or shrub . The quite varied growth resembles that of the cherry plum . The twigs have velvety hairs up to the second year and are usually thorny. The leaves are bluntly toothed and often hairy. They are usually fully developed at the time of flowering. Sepals and petals are more or less rounded. The sepals have hair on the edge only. The petals are pure white. The fruit is 1.5 to 3 centimeters long, spherical to teardrop-shaped and blue-black, but yellow and wine-red shapes are also known, which are sometimes confused with the cherry plum. Their juice is blood red. The stone core is round-egg-shaped, symmetrical, double-pointed and hardly keeled. Its thickness corresponds to 59 to 76% of its length. Its surface is smooth, it adheres to the pulp. The deep dorsal furrow has ridges or not.

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 48.

Systematics

The creeping plum was first described by Carl von Linné as Prunus insititia in 1755 . Gaston Eugène Marie Bonnier and George de Layens classified it in 1894 as Prunus domestica subsp. insititia as a subspecies of the plum.

The epithet insititia is Latin for 'grafted, foreign' and differentiates the taxon from the domestic sloe . Central Latin the plant is CINUS or cinum called.

For the Eastern Alps, a variety Prunus domestica subsp. insititia var. alpina-orientalis Werneck , which is said to be closely related to the sloe .

use

The creeping plum is mainly used for the production of seed oil (edible and fuel oil) and tree gum , to a lesser extent also for the production of schnapps. In addition, it is used as a base for noble plum varieties (Saint Julien plum) and as a hedge plant .

Since the blue Kriacherl has served as the basis for the production of plum brandy in Styria for generations , it was included in the register of traditional foods in Austria . Even in the Lower Austrian Waldviertel , the yellow-green Kriecherl has the chance to gain importance as a basis for a pleasure region Austria .

Common names

There are many different, often regional names for the creeping plum in German-speaking countries. One and the same word in different regions does not always mean exclusively the creeping plum, but sometimes also the cherry plum or the noble plum . Here is a selection: Real Krieche, Kreike, Kreeke, Kreke (Low German), Kritzschken, Krellen, Kricke, Krete, Weinkrieche (rle) or wine jugs, pork or sow creep, Kriacherl, Cyprus or Ziper (le), Zibarte , Ziparte, Zippate , Zibärtle, Zibertle, Zibertl, Ziberl, Zwiferl, Seiberl, Ziberli, Zyberli, Zibäteli, Zibelle, goat farze, buck or goat testicles, chestnut or malo (n) cken, tornigel, Tarrnickel, horse, shit, wine, Haber -, oat or au (g) ​​st plum, plum loin, Aug (u) stkirsche, Fluder, Flüder, Pfluder, Priest, Schlupfer, Schlupfer, Weinling and (especially for the dried fruits) Prunellen, Brunellen, Brinellen, Brigniolen, Prünellen or Brugnoles.

  • Creeping plum shoot thorn

  • Creeping plum leaf

  • Creeping plum with yellow fruits from Eastern Austria

  • Inflorescence of a blue creeping plum (Upper Austria)

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f g Hildemar Scholz, Ilse Scholz: Prunus . In: Hans. J. Conert et al. a. (Ed.): Gustav Hegi. Illustrated flora of Central Europe. Volume 4 Part 2B: Spermatophyta: Angiospermae: Dicotyledones 2 (3). Rosaceae 2 . Blackwell 1995, ISBN 3-8263-2533-8 .
  2. ^ Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . 8th edition. Verlag Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 . Page 573.
  3. ^ A b Heinrich Marzell / Heinz Paul, Dictionary of German Plant Names  III, Stuttgart / Wiesbaden 1977 (Cologne 2000, reprint), p. 1117ff.
  4. ^ Albertus Magnus de vegetabilibus , V, 63 .
  5. ^ Bureaucrats farce about Kriecherl-Schnaps , tz-online , accessed on November 20, 2010
  6. ↑ Styrian Kriacherl . Entry no. 43 in the register of traditional foods of the Austrian Federal Ministry for Agriculture, Regions and Tourism .
  7. ↑ GENUSS REGION AUSTRIA continues to grow  ( page can no longer be accessed , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , accessed August 16, 2013.@1@ 2Template: Toter Link / www.lebensministerium.at  

Web links

Commons : Creeping plum ( Prunus domestica subsp. Insititia )  - Collection of images, videos and audio files