Hook reads

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Hook reads
Hakenliest (Melidora macrorrhinus)

Hakenliest ( Melidora macrorrhinus )

Systematics
Order : Rockers (Coraciiformes)
Family : Kingfishers (Alcedinidae)
Subfamily : Lieste (Halcyonidae)
Genre : Hook lair ( Melidora )
Type : Hook reads
Scientific name
Melidora macrorrhinus
( Lesson , 1827)

The hooked lily ( Melidora macrorrhina ) is the only species of the genus Melidora a representative of the kingfishers from the subfamily of the Lieste (Halcyoninae). He inhabits large parts of the lowlands of New Guinea and some offshore smaller islands.

The stock situation of the Hakenliest was classified in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species in 2016 as “ Least Concern (LC) ” = “not endangered”.

features

Hook rows are large, clumsy kingfishers with a total length of 27 centimeters. The top is dark brown, with a strong yellow-brown tinge; the underside including the wings is white. This combination of brown top and white bottom makes the birds unmistakable in flight. The head of males and females has a green-blue or yellow-green appearing cap; it is also marked by a blackish mask. The white collar can be completely covered when the neck is retracted. The beak is large and black and yellow in color. The edge of the upper beak called tomium is wavy, the tip of the beak pulled out like a hook, which gave the bird its name. When seated, the birds appear large-headed, large-eyed and heavy; even shorter-tailed in the heavily stretched flight. It can be confused with other kingfishers that inhabit the interior of the rainforest. Spatelliest (in the north of New Guinea) and Feenliest (in the south) are similar in color , but these species are identified as paradise kingfishers by their flag-like, elongated tails.

distribution

Hook lines occur everywhere in New Guinea, the northwestern offshore islands and Yapen in the lowlands up to 750  m (maximum up to 1900  m ). They inhabit the interior of the rainforests there.

Systematics

The genus Melidora is more closely related to Dacelo and Clytocleyx . It used to be put to Tanysiptera .

The species Melidora macrorrhina was described by Lesson in 1827 as Dacelo macrorrhinus .

There are three subspecies:

  • M. m. waigiuensis Hartert, 1930 - long-winged ("evident larger") subspecies of Waigeo or Waigiu
  • M. m. macrorrhina (Lesson, 1827) - nominate subspecies from the southern lowlands of New Guinea, the Huon and SE Peninsula, as well as Misool , Salawati and Batanta ; relatively short-winged, females with pale spots on the brown cap
  • M. m. jobiensis (Salvadori, 1880) - described as Melidora jobiensis ; northwest lowlands, Yapen, in the Sepik and Ramu area ; The male's cap is deeper blue than other subspecies, the female's cap is blackish

behavior

Hook lines are very difficult to observe. They are mainly crepuscular and nocturnal and call at dawn and dusk. The eggs are laid in the middle or at the end of the dry season in July to October. The nests are created in inhabited termite nests three to six m above the ground on trees in the shade area. Two to three eggs are laid; the slip may be asynchronous. The male breeds and breeds the young during the day. Nestlings are described with two egg teeth (on the upper and lower beak).

Large insects, including ghosts , serve as food ; Also frogs are eaten. Little is known about feeding behavior; the beak is often smeared with mud.

swell

  • C. Hillary Fry, Kathie Fry, Alan Harris: Kingfishers, Bee-eaters, and Rollers. Christopher Helm, London 1992, ISBN 978-0-7136-8028-7 , pp. 6-11.
  • Bruce M. Beehler, Thane K. Pratt: Birds of New Guinea: Distribution, Taxonomy, and Systematics. Princeton University Press, Princeton 2016, ISBN 978-0-6911-6424-3 , p. 672.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Melidora macrorrhina in the endangered Red List species the IUCN 2016 Posted by: BirdLife International, 2016. Retrieved on October 10, 2017th
  2. ^ Robert G Moyle: A molecular phylogeny of kingfishers (Alcedinidae) with insights into early biogeographic history . In: Auk . 123, No. 2, 2006, pp. 487-499. doi : 10.1642 / 0004-8038 (2006) 123 [487: AMPOKA] 2.0.CO; 2 .
  3. ^ René Primevère Lesson: Description d'une nouvell espèce de Dacelo . In: Ferussac's Bulletin des sciences naturelles et de géologie . XII, 1827, pp. 131-132.
  4. ↑ Ernst Hartert: Melidora macrorhina waigiuensis subspec. nov. . In: Novitates Zoologicae . XXXVI, 1930, p. 99.
  5. ^ Tommaso Salvadori: Col. 229. Melidora jobiensis nov. sp. . In: Ornitologia della Papuasia e delle Molucche: parte prima . 1, 1930, pp. 502-503.
  6. ^ Melidora macrorrhina Lesson, 1827 . In: Guinea Birds online . Katerina Tvardikova. 2017. Retrieved September 19, 2017.