Carl Hamppe
Carl Hamppe (* 1814 in Switzerland ; † May 17, 1876 in Gersau , Canton Schwyz ) was an Austrian chess player from Switzerland . Hamppe is considered to be the founder of the Viennese game .
Chess career
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"Hamppes opening" with the idea f2 – f4
Little is known about Hamppe's origin and biography. He spent most of his life in Vienna , where he had worked as an official in the Ministry of Finance from 1848.
In the middle of the 19th century, Hamppe emerged as one of Austria's leading chess masters in the Viennese coffee houses . In 1859 and 1860 he won the tournaments of the Vienna Chess Society . Behind him, Wilhelm Steinitz (1836–1900) took third and second place. The upcoming world champion later honored Hamppe as the main opponent and teacher of his early years.
Hamppe was a typical representative of the romantic school , whose game was subject to greater fluctuations. In competitions he was defeated by the Hungarian champion Johann Jacob Löwenthal 4-5 games in 1846 , and in 1850 he defeated his Viennese rival Ernst Falkbeer with 16:15 in a longer match (there was no draw in both competitions ). By Daniel Harrwitz he was hit significantly in 1852 (+ 1 = 2 -4) and 1860 (+0 = 1 -3).
The so-called immortal draw game played by Hamppe in 1872 against his Viennese master colleague Philipp Meitner is still remembered today .
In 1876 Hamppe died in his Swiss homeland.
Inventor of the "Viennese Part"
Hamppe earned services to chess primarily through his advocacy of the opening 1. e2 – e4 e7 – e5 2. Nb1 – c3, which he tried out in practice since the late 1840s. The beginning of the game was sometimes called "Hamppes Opening" until the name Wiener Partie prevailed. As a specialist in the king's gambit , Hamppe pursued the idea of covering the d5 and e4 squares in order to then preferably play a delayed gambit with f2 – f4. The original idea was directed against the Falkbeer counter-gambit , which was popular at the time , in which Black replied to the king's gambit directly with the center advance 2. - d7 – d5.
The Hamppe-Allgaier-Gambit (with the ECO-Code C37) is named after him as well as the Hamppe-Muzio-Gambit , in which, compared to the conventional Muzio-Gambit, the "Viennese" train pair Nb1 – c3 and Nb8 – c6 is interposed . Finally, the controversial Steinitz Gambit (1. e2 – e4 e7 – e5 2. Nb1 – c3 Nb8 – c6 3. f2 – f4 e5xf4 4. d2 – d4), which was used after 1867, was influenced by Hamppe's opening ideas.
Individual evidence
- ↑ Mention in the Handbook of the Kingdom of Bohemia for the year 1848 , p. 786, and entry in the Hof- und Staats-Handbuch des Kaiserthumes Österreich for the year 1866 , p. 159. (“Ministerial-Secretär”)
- ↑ Kurt Landsberger: William Steinitz, Chess Champion. A Biography of the Bohemian Caesar . Jefferson 1993, p. 20, ISBN 0-89950-758-1 .
- ^ P. Feenstra Kuiper: One Hundred Years of Chess Combat 1851-1950 , Amsterdam 1967, pp. 79, 81.
- ↑ Ludwig Bachmann : From bygone times. Pictures from the history of the development of the practical game of chess . Vol. 2, Berlin 1922, p. 382.
Web links
- Playable chess games by Carl Hamppe on chessgames.com (English)
- Entry Hamppes in Edo Historical Chess Ratings (English)
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Hamppe, Carl |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Austrian chess player |
| DATE OF BIRTH | 1814 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Switzerland |
| DATE OF DEATH | May 17, 1876 |
| Place of death | Gersau |