Harlem Renaissance
The Harlem Renaissance (also called the New Negro Movement ) was a social, cultural, and artistic movement of African American writers and painters between about 1920 and 1930.
Although the movement was initially limited to New York City and the Harlem district, the sphere of influence of cultural, political and philosophical innovations quickly became of great importance worldwide. The most famous examples are the French-language black writers and artists who settled in Paris and who soon grappled with the ideas and discussions from the United States .
history
The Harlem Renaissance was the first flowering of African American art that went beyond isolated works. Similar to the age of jazz , the movement was triggered by the massive emigration of black Americans from the southern states to the north ( Great Migration ). In the New York borough of Harlem , the Afro-American Philip Payton had largely taken over the real estate market from 1904. Since that time - and especially in the 1920s - Harlem became synonymous with African American culture because of the black middle class living there.
The anthology The New Negro (1925), edited by Alain LeRoy Locke , in which the philosopher and critic collected prose, poetry, plays and essays by a new generation of African-American authors, had a major influence on the movement . In his foreword, Locke described the emigration from the southern states to the north as “a kind of spiritual liberation” through which African-American art was able to develop its own identity for the first time - beyond the white models. In the art of the Harlem Renaissance, African traditions, African-American traditions as well as gospel and jazz play a major role. White authors, above all the journalist and photographer Carl Van Vechten , promoted the movement and were influenced by it. The patron Charlotte Mason employed and promoted a number of artists, but also had her own understanding of Native American and African American culture.
In November 1926, the young generation of writers awarded with the only issue of Fire !! hearing their voice.
Artist
Authors
- Arna Bontemps
- Sterling A. Brown
- Countee Cullen
- Georgia Douglas Johnson
- Jessie Redmon Fauset
- Rudolph Fisher
- Langston Hughes
- Zora Neale Hurston
- Helene Johnson
- James Weldon Johnson
- Nella Larsen
- Claude McKay
- Richard Bruce Nugent
- Esther Popel
- Anne Spencer
- Wallace Thurman
- Jean Toomer
- Dorothy West
- Angelina Weld Grimké
- Alice Dunbar-Nelson
Visual artist
Further
Venues
literature
- Patricia Stella Edema: Images of Change in Black and White: Afro-American Identity in the Medium of Early Photography (1880-1930). Transcript, Bielefeld 2013, ISBN 978-3-8376-2203-4 (also revised dissertation at the Free University of Berlin 2011).
- James Haskins: The Cotton Club: A Pictorial and Social History of the most famous symbol of the Jazz Era. Random House 1977, Hippocrene Books, New York 1994, ISBN 0-7818-0248-2 .
- Susie Hodge : 50 key ideas art (original title: 50 Art Ideas You Really Need to Know , translated by Katharina Neuser-von Oettingen). Springer Spectrum, Berlin 2014, ISBN 978-3-642-39327-3 . (Pp. 140–143)
- George Hutchinson (Ed.): The Cambridge Companion to the Harlem Renaissance. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 2007, ISBN 978-0-521-67368-6 .
- Sharon L. Jones: Rereading the Harlem Renaissance: Race, Class, and Gender in the Fiction of Jessie Fauset, Zora Neale Hurston, and Dorothy West. Greenwood Press, Westport, CT 2002, ISBN 978-0-313-32326-3 .
- Hanna Meuter , Paul Therstappen (ed. And translator): "I sing America too." Seals of American negroes (series: The new negro. The voice of the awakening Afro-America ). 1st edition. Jess, Dresden 1932; New edition ibid. 1959.
- Jeffrey OG Ogbar (Ed.): The Harlem Renaissance Revisited. Politics, Arts, and Letters. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore 2010, ISBN 978-0-8018-9461-9 .
- Cherene Sherrard-Johnson (Ed.): A Companion to the Harlem Renaissance. Wiley-Blackwell, Chichester 2015, ISBN 978-1-118-49406-6 .
- Amritjit Singh et al. (Ed.): The Harlem renaissance: revaluations. Garland, New York 1989, ISBN 0-8240-5739-2 .
- Bernhard Wenzl: Black self-confidence . In: Wiener Zeitung , 2./3. January 2016.
- Cheryl A. Wall: The Harlem Renaissance. A very short introduction. Oxford University Press, New York 2016, ISBN 978-0-19-933555-8 .
- Cary D. Wintz, Paul Finkelman: Encyclopedia of the Harlem Renaissance. Routledge, New York 2004, ISBN 978-1-57958-389-7 .
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Holland Cotter: ART; A 1920's Flowering That Didn't Disappear . In: The New York Times . May 24, 1998, ISSN 0362-4331 ( nytimes.com [accessed June 15, 2020]).