Hey Zizhen

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He Zizhen and Mao in Northern Shaanxi , 1936
He Zizhen and Mao in Yan'an , 1937
He Zizhen, 1947
He Zizhen with daughter Jiaojiao, 1947

He Zizhen , also He Jijen , ( Chinese  賀子珍  /  贺子珍 , Pinyin Hè Zǐzhēn , maiden name Hè Guìyuán (贺 桂圆), born September 1909 in Jiangxi Province ; † April 19, 1984 in Shanghai) was the third wife from 1928 to 1939 Mao Zedongs .

Life

He Zizhen, who came from a family of landowners and scholars, joined the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) at the age of 16 . When the Kuomintang came to power in their hometown and persecuted communists, the CCP sent them to the Jinggangshan Mountains . He, a member of the Hakka ethnic group, is described as attractive, lively, well-read, and politically educated, but also as unruly and rebellious. This is why Yuan Wencai , one of the bandit leaders who ruled the Jinggangshan area at the time, suggested He Zizhen Mao Zedong as an interpreter. Mao had arrived in Jinggangshan in October 1927 with the troops remaining from the failed autumn harvest uprising in Changsha , with the aim of establishing a communist base. Yuan feared being ousted by Mao and relied on a personal connection to ensure Mao's loyalty. On May 25 or 26, 1928, Mao and He were married in the presence of Yuan, although Mao was married and his wife Yang Kaihui was still alive.

In January 1929, Mao and Zhu De moved their Soviet towards South Jiangxi. He Zizhen came with him because she was five months pregnant and it was too dangerous to stay in Jinggangshan. However, there are allegations that Mao's guards forced them to come with them to the new base. At the end of May 1929, their first daughter named Jinhua was born in Longyan town . Since Mao and his troops were on the run from the Kuomintang, the child had to be left with a local farming family half an hour after it was born. When the civil war ended, it was searched for but never found. After this experience, He Zizhen is said to have changed the character 子 (zì, self ) into the character 字 (zì, child ) in her own name , so that she was no longer called He, who values ​​herself , but He, who values ​​her child . "

In the Jiangxi Soviet, He Zizhen and her husband went through the ups and downs of power struggles in the Communist Party. They spent the second half of 1929 together in Gutian , where they had retired to cure Mao's malaria and depression . The same thing was repeated twice. Their son Anhong was born in November 1932, and another son came in late autumn 1933, who only survived a few days. In the spring of 1933 Mao was defeated in the power struggles and was expelled from the military leadership. He Zizhen also lost her post as secretary of the Council of People's Commissars and had to be re-educated at the party school of the Central Committee. When the Jiangxi Soviet had to be evacuated, He Zizhen was among the few women allowed to take part in the Long March . She became a member of a medical brigade. Son Anhong had to stay behind, and Zizhen's sister He Yi and her husband Mao Zetan (Mao Zedong's younger brother) agreed to take care of Anhong. For security reasons, Mao Zetan hid the boy with the family of one of his guards in Ruijin . After Mao Zetan's violent death, Mao Anhong's whereabouts were not known to anyone. After 1949 attempts were unsuccessful to locate him.

He Zizhen gave birth to another child on the Long March in February 1935. The girl was born in an abandoned hut belonging to Yi farmers who had fled and was left with 30 yuan in compensation. The fate of this girl is unknown, it is rumored that she lived only a few months. She was later seriously wounded in an air raid by the Kuomintang, and shrapnel remained in her body until the end of her life.

After the end of the Long March, He Zizhen and Mao Zedong stayed in Wayaobao in northern Shaanxi , where they, like the local people living on the edge of subsistence, moved into a cave in the Loess Hills. There she gave birth to her fifth child, daughter Jiaojiao, who later called herself Li Min . In January 1937 the family moved to Yan'an to the home of a wealthy merchant. A few months later, He Zizhen left her husband Mao Zedong because he openly flirted with members of an acting troupe and foreign journalists ( Agnes Smedley and Wu Lili ). In January 1938 she went to Moscow and was admitted to the Chinese Party School in Kutschino under the code name Wen Yun . Here she gave birth to her sixth child on April 6, 1938, a boy named Lyowa. However, he died at the age of 10 months.

In November 1939, Mao Zedong sent He Zizhen a divorce notice and married Jiang Qing . After the outbreak of World War II , He Zizhen was transferred to the International Orphanage in Ivanovo , where she worked as an educator. Her daughter Jiaojiao, but also Mao's sons Anying and Anqing, were also in Ivanovo. The four of them had very seldom written contact with Mao Zedong. She returned to China with Jiaojiao in 1947 after receiving psychiatric treatment in Ivanovo.

In 1959, Mao and He Zizhen saw each other for the last time. While visiting Lu Shan, it suddenly occurred to Mao that he wanted to see his former wife. He had her taken from her home in Nanchang , four hours away . He Zizhen looked sick and looked confused at times. It is not known what she talked to Mao about. She died in Shanghai on April 19, 1984.

literature

Web links

Commons : He Zizhen  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c Alexander V. Pantsov and Steven I. Levine: Mao: The Real Story . Simon & Schuster, New York 2007, ISBN 978-1-4516-5447-9 , pp. 589 .
  2. ↑ Alexander V. Pantsov and Steven I. Levine: Mao: The Real Story . Simon & Schuster, New York 2007, ISBN 978-1-4516-5447-9 , pp. 204 .
  3. ↑ Helwig Schmidt-Glintzer : Mao Zedong: "There will be battle": a biography . Matthes & Seitz, Berlin 2017, ISBN 978-3-95757-365-0 , pp. 80 .
  4. ↑ Helwig Schmidt-Glintzer: Mao Zedong: "There will be battle": a biography . Matthes & Seitz, Berlin 2017, ISBN 978-3-95757-365-0 , pp. 132 .
  5. ↑ Alexander V. Pantsov and Steven I. Levine: Mao: The Real Story . Simon & Schuster, New York 2007, ISBN 978-1-4516-5447-9 , pp. 221 f .
  6. ↑ Helwig Schmidt-Glintzer: Mao Zedong: "There will be battle": a biography . Matthes & Seitz, Berlin 2017, ISBN 978-3-95757-365-0 , pp. 81 .
  7. ↑ Alexander V. Pantsov and Steven I. Levine: Mao: The Real Story . Simon & Schuster, New York 2007, ISBN 978-1-4516-5447-9 , pp. 265 ff .
  8. ↑ Alexander V. Pantsov and Steven I. Levine: Mao: The Real Story . Simon & Schuster, New York 2007, ISBN 978-1-4516-5447-9 , pp. 267 .
  9. ↑ Alexander V. Pantsov and Steven I. Levine: Mao: The Real Story . Simon & Schuster, New York 2007, ISBN 978-1-4516-5447-9 , pp. 273 ff .
  10. ↑ Helwig Schmidt-Glintzer: Mao Zedong: "There will be battle": a biography . Matthes & Seitz, Berlin 2017, ISBN 978-3-95757-365-0 , pp. 82 .
  11. ↑ Alexander V. Pantsov and Steven I. Levine: Mao: The Real Story . Simon & Schuster, New York 2007, ISBN 978-1-4516-5447-9 , pp. 280 f .
  12. ↑ Alexander V. Pantsov and Steven I. Levine: Mao: The Real Story . Simon & Schuster, New York 2007, ISBN 978-1-4516-5447-9 , pp. 282 .
  13. ↑ Alexander V. Pantsov and Steven I. Levine: Mao: The Real Story . Simon & Schuster, New York 2007, ISBN 978-1-4516-5447-9 , pp. 289 .
  14. ↑ Alexander V. Pantsov and Steven I. Levine: Mao: The Real Story . Simon & Schuster, New York 2007, ISBN 978-1-4516-5447-9 , pp. 304 ff .
  15. ↑ Alexander V. Pantsov and Steven I. Levine: Mao: The Real Story . Simon & Schuster, New York 2007, ISBN 978-1-4516-5447-9 , pp. 310 f .
  16. ↑ Helwig Schmidt-Glintzer: Mao Zedong: "There will be battle": a biography . Matthes & Seitz, Berlin 2017, ISBN 978-3-95757-365-0 , pp. 83 .
  17. ↑ Alexander V. Pantsov and Steven I. Levine: Mao: The Real Story . Simon & Schuster, New York 2007, ISBN 978-1-4516-5447-9 , pp. 319 .
  18. ↑ Alexander V. Pantsov and Steven I. Levine: Mao: The Real Story . Simon & Schuster, New York 2007, ISBN 978-1-4516-5447-9 , pp. 329 .
  19. ↑ Alexander V. Pantsov and Steven I. Levine: Mao: The Real Story . Simon & Schuster, New York 2007, ISBN 978-1-4516-5447-9 , pp. 349 f .
  20. ↑ Alexander V. Pantsov and Steven I. Levine: Mao: The Real Story . Simon & Schuster, New York 2007, ISBN 978-1-4516-5447-9 , pp. 462 f .
personal data
SURNAME Hey Zizhen
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Chinese wife of Mao Zedong
DATE OF BIRTH September 1909
PLACE OF BIRTH Jiangxi
DATE OF DEATH April 19, 1984
Place of death Shanghai