Hackle
The hackle is a comb-like agricultural device made of sharp wires , through which various natural fibers such as flax and hemp fibers , jute , coconut fibers, etc. a. for cleaning (panting, plucking , undressing; - previously also reefing ). The word derives from the same root word as the hook , suggesting the hooks attached to combing the fibers. Modern fiber digestion machines are also based on the traditional processes, but use mechanical digestion sections in which breaking, swinging and panting is mechanically implemented in corresponding work steps.
Panting
After fluting , breaking (with a breaker ) and swinging , in which already shredded pieces of wood are separated from the fibers, the fibers are cleaned and prepared for spinning. When panting, they are parallelized, the bast fibers split lengthways and short fibers cleaned. These coarse fiber remnants that occur when panting are called tow .
history
Panting has been known since the Neolithic . Hecheln made of split ribs have come down to us from settlements on the edge of the Swiss bank. In a cave in Wadi Murabba'at in the Judean desert , a comb made of nine splinters of myrtle wood was found, which were glued with asphalt and then wound with thread. It was dated to 10220 ± 45 BP (uncal., ETH Zurich). Traces of use make it likely to be used as a hackle.
Schematic of modern flax fiber processing: breaking, swinging, panting
Panting as a step in the textile processing of hemp fibers
Individual evidence
- ↑ Reefing. In: Friedrich Kluge : Etymological dictionary of the German language . 7th, verb. and presumably edition. Karl J. Trübner, Strasbourg 1910, p. 368 ( scan at the Munich digitization center ).
- ↑ F. Schmitthenner : Short German dictionary for etymology, synonymics and orthography. Published by Friedrich Metz, Darmstadt 1834, p. 121.
- ↑ G. Holzmann, M. Wangelin: Natural and vegetable building materials. Raw materials - building physics - construction. Vieweg + Teubner, Wiesbaden 2009, ISBN 978-3-8351-0153-1 , p. 52.
- ↑ Tamar Schick ( ת 'שיק): A 10,000 Year Old Comb from Wadi Murabba'at in the Judean Desert (מסרק בן שנה מואדי מורבעאת שבמדבר יהודה). In: Atiqot. 27, 1995, pp. 199-202, JSTOR 23458202 , accessed October 21, 2016.