Berolinum sanatorium and nursing home

The Berolinum Sanatorium , officially the Berolinum private sanatorium and nursing home , later the Berolinum Sanatorium , was a private psychiatric clinic opened by James Fraenkel in Lankwitz in 1890 . Fraenkel ran it together with Albert Oliven . The Berolinum was on both sides of Viktoriastrasse, today's Leonorenstrasse. Badly damaged in a bombing raid in 1943, it was reopened as the Lankwitz Hospital in 1946 and remained an acute hospital until 1978. On the northern area between Leonorenstrasse and Teltow Canal , the Haus Leonore nursing home is located today . Two of the historic buildings still stand today.

history

The German physician James Fraenkel (1859–1935) and his colleague Albert Oliven (1860–1921) opened the private Berolinum sanatorium and nursing home for the mentally ill and nervous on April 1, 1890 . Fraenkel's brother Max Fraenkel built a women's and men's department on both sides of the then Viktoriastraße (since May 20, 1937: Leonorenstraße) as an architect. In 1907 an extensive park and a spa house for convalescents were added. This made the Berolinum the largest private sanatorium in Berlin and offered space for 450 men and 50 women. Only a few days after the outbreak of World War I , James Fraenkel voluntarily and free of charge made a large part of the sanatorium available as a hospital for the care of wounded soldiers ( Club Hospital Nerven-Heilstätte Berlin-Lankwitz , also known as the Club Hospital "Berolinum" ).

After the First World War, Fraenkel and olives withdrew from their work in the Berolinum sanatorium. First, they leased the Kurhaus and the hospital buildings to the Association of Health Insurance Funds of Greater Berlin, before Fraenkel finally sold these properties to the association from October 1921 after Oliven's death. From 1919 the men's ward became the Lankwitz Hospital , which remained in Jewish hands until 1935 and continued to operate until 1940 at the latest. The women's department with its villa-like houses south of Leonorenstrasse to Brucknerstrasse (until 1937: Lessingstrasse) became the new “Berolinum” sanatorium under the direction of James Fraenkel. It had 80 beds. After Fraenkel's death in 1935, Hanns Schwarz , a non-Jewish forensic psychiatrist employed there from 1933, took over the management of the sanatorium. Due to the National Socialist Nuremberg race laws , Schwarz had to give up his activity in 1938, the sanatorium was only allowed to employ Jewish doctors and treat Jewish patients. During the Second World War , the southern area of the sanatorium was occupied by the ensign company of the Navy.

In the night of bombing in Lankwitz from 23 to 24 August 1943, the former women's section south of Leonorenstrasse was completely destroyed and the buildings of the men's section to the northeast were damaged. In 1946 the former men's department was reopened as the Lankwitz Municipal Hospital , which was renamed the Steglitz Municipal Hospital in 1952 . In 1978 the hospital was closed and converted into a department for the chronically ill of the Auguste Viktoria Hospital (AVK). In 1996, the AVK department was converted into the Haus Leonore nursing home, which was initially part of the AVK and now belongs to the municipal hospital operator Vivantes .

Areas and buildings

The men's department was northeast of Leonorenstrasse. It survived the Second World War and was reopened in 1946 as the Lankwitz Municipal Hospital . On the area at Leonorenstrasse 17–33, which is owned by the state-owned Vivantes Netzwerk für Gesundheit GmbH, there is now a a. the Haus Leonore nursing home .

The most important buildings northeast of Leonorenstrasse were:

The open spa house for convalescents on the corner of Leonorenstrasse / Siemensstrasse (Leonorenstrasse 11), Kurhaus for short , was built in 1907 and expanded in 1913. Today it is painted in a striking yellow and has been used since 2008 by a sociotherapeutic housing project for chronically mentally ill patients in the penal system . ( Location )

The even older house for male pensioners , a three-storey building called a mansion , was one of the first buildings in the Berolinum and was expanded in 1908. Today it is painted in a striking red and is used by the nursing home. ( Location )

In a similar style to the so-called manor house, the building "for the treatment of municipal and public health insurance patients", the municipal hospital . It was canceled in 2017.

The women's department was located southwest of Leonorenstrasse. The director's villas of the two founders were located across from Brucknerstrasse on Siemensstrasse. The entire development south-west of Leonorenstrasse was destroyed in the night of bombing in Lankwitz on 23 August 1943. After the Second World War, the area was repopulated with residential developments.

Personalities

Memorial plaque for James Fraenkel at the house at Leonorenstrasse 17–33

James Fraenkel (1859–1935), founder and co-operator; In 2001 a memorial plaque for Fraenkel was attached to the former Kurhaus
Albert Oliven (1860–1921), psychiatrist, co-operator
Otto Juliusburger (1867–1952), senior physician 1905–1920
Hanns Schwarz (1898–1977), Fraenkel's successor as head physician
Moritz Jastrowitz (1839–1912), neuropsychiatrist, from 1891 consultative work at the Berolinum, later a managerial position
Karen Horney (1885–1952), psychoanalyst, worked at the Berolinum from 1914–1918
Emilie Kempin-Spyri (1853–1901), Swiss lawyer, admitted to the Berolinum in September 1897 because of mental illness

literature

Paul Hiller: Chronicle Lankwitz (= preprint . Volume No. 5/6). Wort- & Bild-Specials, Berlin 1989, ISBN 978-3-926578-19-8 , pp. 116-117.
Wolfgang Friese: The private sanatorium and nursing home "Berolinum" . In: Arbeitskreis Historisches Lankwitz (Ed.): In memory of Sanitätsrat Dr. med. James Fraenkel 1859-1935. About his life and his sanatorium and nursing home in Landwitz . Self-published, Berlin 2001, pp. 7–24 (printing supported by the Steglitz-Zehlendorf district office, with a greeting from the then district mayor Herbert Weber ).
Berolinum private sanatorium and nursing home . In: Steglitzer Heimat - Bulletin of the Heimatverein Steglitz e. V. , Volume 47, No. 1/2002, pp. 5-19.
Memories of grandparents Paula and James Fraenkel . In: Steglitzer Heimat - Bulletin of the Heimatverein Steglitz e. V. , Volume 47, No. 2/2002, pp. 35-43.
Wolfgang Friese: Private healing and care institution "Berolinum" of the medical council Dr. James Fraenkel . In: Gabriele Schuster (Ed.), Wolfgang Friese: Lankwitz and his story. Part V - Monastery and Air Raid . Heimatverein Steglitz e. V., Berlin 2014, pp. 16-18.

Web links

Leonorenpark and the “Berolinum” sanatorium at www.zeit-fuer-berlin.de

Individual evidence

↑ Historical Lankwitz Working Group (ed.): In memory of Sanitätsrat Dr. med. James Fraenkel 1859-1935. About his life and his sanatorium and nursing home in Landwitz . Self-published, Berlin 2001, p. 16 ff.
↑ After the First World War . In: Arbeitskreis Historisches Lankwitz (Ed.): In memory of Sanitätsrat Dr. med. James Fraenkel 1859-1935. About his life and his sanatorium and nursing home in Landwitz . Self-published, Berlin 2001, p. 20 ff.
↑ Stefan Orlob: The forensic psychiatrist Prof. Dr. Hanns Schwarz (1889–1977) . psychprolex.de, accessed on March 8, 2019.
↑ Historical Lankwitz Working Group (ed.): In memory of Sanitätsrat Dr. med. James Fraenkel 1859-1935. About his life and his sanatorium and nursing home in Landwitz . Self-published, Berlin 2001, p. 24.
↑ Historical Lankwitz Working Group (ed.): In memory of Sanitätsrat Dr. med. James Fraenkel 1859-1935. About his life and his sanatorium and nursing home in Landwitz . Self-published, Berlin 2001, p. 21.
↑ Leonorenstraße - Sociotherapeutic housing project for patients in the penal system . Society for social and assisted living (GsbW), Koopmann & Schneider GbR, accessed on March 8, 2019.
↑ Olives, Albert . In: New German Biography .
↑ Stefan Orlob: The forensic psychiatrist Prof. Dr. Hanns Schwarz . gerichts-psychiatrie.de, accessed April 1, 2014; Günter Grau: Hanns Schwarz . In: Volkmar Sigusch , Günter Grau (Hrsg.): Personal Lexicon of Sexual Research . Campus-Verlag, Frankfurt am Main / New York 2009, ISBN 978-3-593-39049-9 , pp. 643-644.
↑ Bernd Holdorff: Between brain research, neuropsychiatry and emancipation to clinical neurology until 1933 . In: Bernd Holdorff, Rolf Winau (ed.): History of neurology in Berlin . de Gruyter, Berlin / New York 2001, ISBN 3-11-016913-4 , p. 157.
↑ Gerhard Baader , Michael Hubenstorf (ed.): Medical history and social criticism (= treatises on the history of medicine and the natural sciences . Vol. 81). Matthiesen, Husum 1997, ISBN 3-7868-4081-4 , p. 185.
↑ Christine Susanne Rabe: Emilie Kempin . In: Equality between men and women. the Krause School and the bourgeois women's movement in the 19th century (= legal history and gender research . Vol. 5). Böhlau, Cologne 2006, ISBN 3-412-08306-2 , pp. 36-39 (also Diss., Univ. Hanover, 2005/2006).

52.441667 13.341901Coordinates: 52 ° 26 ′ 30 " N , 13 ° 20 ′ 30.8" E

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[1] Historical Lankwitz Working Group (ed.): In memory of Sanitätsrat Dr. med. James Fraenkel 1859-1935. About his life and his sanatorium and nursing home in Landwitz . Self-published, Berlin 2001, p. 16 ff.

[2] After the First World War . In: Arbeitskreis Historisches Lankwitz (Ed.): In memory of Sanitätsrat Dr. med. James Fraenkel 1859-1935. About his life and his sanatorium and nursing home in Landwitz . Self-published, Berlin 2001, p. 20 ff.

[3] Stefan Orlob: The forensic psychiatrist Prof. Dr. Hanns Schwarz (1889–1977) . psychprolex.de, accessed on March 8, 2019.

[4] Historical Lankwitz Working Group (ed.): In memory of Sanitätsrat Dr. med. James Fraenkel 1859-1935. About his life and his sanatorium and nursing home in Landwitz . Self-published, Berlin 2001, p. 24.

[5] Historical Lankwitz Working Group (ed.): In memory of Sanitätsrat Dr. med. James Fraenkel 1859-1935. About his life and his sanatorium and nursing home in Landwitz . Self-published, Berlin 2001, p. 21.

[6] Leonorenstraße - Sociotherapeutic housing project for patients in the penal system . Society for social and assisted living (GsbW), Koopmann & Schneider GbR, accessed on March 8, 2019.

[7] Olives, Albert . In: New German Biography .

[8] Stefan Orlob: The forensic psychiatrist Prof. Dr. Hanns Schwarz . gerichts-psychiatrie.de, accessed April 1, 2014; Günter Grau: Hanns Schwarz . In: Volkmar Sigusch , Günter Grau (Hrsg.): Personal Lexicon of Sexual Research . Campus-Verlag, Frankfurt am Main / New York 2009, ISBN 978-3-593-39049-9 , pp. 643-644.

[9] Bernd Holdorff: Between brain research, neuropsychiatry and emancipation to clinical neurology until 1933 . In: Bernd Holdorff, Rolf Winau (ed.): History of neurology in Berlin . de Gruyter, Berlin / New York 2001, ISBN 3-11-016913-4 , p. 157.

[10] Gerhard Baader , Michael Hubenstorf (ed.): Medical history and social criticism (= treatises on the history of medicine and the natural sciences . Vol. 81). Matthiesen, Husum 1997, ISBN 3-7868-4081-4 , p. 185.

[11] Christine Susanne Rabe: Emilie Kempin . In: Equality between men and women. the Krause School and the bourgeois women's movement in the 19th century (= legal history and gender research . Vol. 5). Böhlau, Cologne 2006, ISBN 3-412-08306-2 , pp. 36-39 (also Diss., Univ. Hanover, 2005/2006).