Otto Juliusburger

Otto Juliusburger (born September 26, 1867 in Breslau ; † June 7, 1952 in New York ) was a German psychiatrist .

Life

As the son of a respected Jewish businessman, Otto Juliusburger attended the municipal Protestant Maria Magdalena grammar school in Breslau from 1878 . After graduating from high school in 1887, he studied medicine in Breslau with Carl Wernicke and in Berlin . He then worked in Berlin as a senior physician at the Berolinum sanatorium , which was headed by James Fraenkel (1859-1935), a well-known psychiatrist at the time, and Albert Oliven (1860-1921). Otto Juliusburger married Elisa, a daughter of Julius Seligsohn ; the marriage resulted in a son and a daughter. He left Berlin in 1941 and emigrated with his family to the USA. He lived in New York until his death.

Services

As a freelance psychiatrist, Otto Juliusburger also worked for the Berlin welfare service for the mentally ill and drug addicts . He advocated a liberal penal system, he gave lectures in socialist circles, and the medical councilor Dr. For years, Juliusburger worked closely with the Institute for Sexology , headed by Magnus Hirschfeld . In 1902 he wrote an article in the International Monthly to Combat Drinking Manners with the title: What Can School Do to Combat Alcohol? And in 1907 he gave a lecture to the German Association for Maternity Protection entitled Maternity Protection and Alcohol . Influenced by Auguste Forel , Juliusburger joined the Guttempler movement. Juliusburger gave lectures at the Workers' Abstinents Association .

He promoted cultural foundations of the working class and combined scientific and philosophical ideas with popular educational work. 1908 was the first meeting of the Berlin Psychoanalytical Association , at which, in addition to Juliusburger, Karl Abraham , Iwan Bloch and Heinrich Koerber also took part. In 1910 Otto Juliusburger and Mosche Wulff , who had worked under him until 1909, attended the second psychoanalytic congress in Nuremberg, at which the International Psychoanalytic Association (IPV) was founded. He was a founding member of the Berlin Association, which was newly constituted as the local branch of the IPV, but resigned after 1914. Even as a student, Juliusburger was enthusiastic about the philosophers Baruch Spinoza , Arthur Schopenhauer and Friedrich Feuerbach . Later it was mainly Henry George with his idea of land reform that Juliusburger also publicly supported. He was on friendly terms with Arnold Dodel and Ernst Haeckel , both representatives of Darwinism ; their monistic ideas also became the orientation for his work. In 1929 he was elected first chairman of the Scientific and Humanitarian Committee (WhK).

The numerous publications by Otto Juliusburger show how versatile, but also how complex his thinking and work was in the sense of a biological natural philosophy . He met Albert Einstein in 1917 . Einstein's nephew became a patient of the psychiatrist. A deep friendship developed from this encounter. Einstein later wrote to Juliusburger: “You can see what an unshakable support the pursuit of truth can give”. It was also Einstein who urged his friend to emigrate and paid him and his family to travel to the United States in 1941.

Publications

• Critical armed conflicts . Germany's Grand Lodge II of the IOGT, Flensburg 1904.
• Weltanschauung and abstinence . Berlin 1904.
• On the psychology of organ and foreign feelings . Berlin / Leipzig 1910.
• To the knowledge of the war neuroses . In: Monthly magazine for psychiatry and neurology . Volume 38, 1915, pp. 305-318.
• Doctor and nurse . In: Sheets for Nursing . Volume 7, 1918, pp. 97-99.
• Religion is an illusion . In: Urania . Cultural Political Monthly Bulletins on Nature and Society . Volume IV, 1926/27.
• Biocentral psychoanalysis . In: Psychiatric-Neurological Weekly . Volume 30, 1928, p. 20 f.
• Mental effects of unemployment and how to combat them . In: German health insurance . Volume 18, 1931, pp. 454-457.
• The importance of Schopenhauer for psychiatry. Thoughts on Arthur Schopenhauer's 150th birthday . Berlin 1938.

Small magazine articles (selection)

• In: The Socialist Doctor
  • Contribution to the discussion on Gerhard Obuch (The prison system ...). Volume II (1926), Issue 1 (April), p. 35 digitized
  • Contribution to the discussion on Salo Drucker (alcohol and public health). Volume II (1926), Issue 1 (April), p. 41 digitized
  • To the 46th German Medical Congress in Würzburg. Volume III (1927), Issue 3 (December), pp. 5-7 digitized
  • The socialist doctor and the fight against alcoholism. Volume III (1928), Issue 4 (April), pp. 36-37 digitized
  • Alcoholism, housing shortages, land reform. Volume VII (1931), Issue 5-6 (May-June), pp. 158-161 digitized

literature

• Annual report 1887 of the St. Maria-Magdalena grammar school in Breslau
• Werner Leibbrand :  Juliusburger, Otto. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 10, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1974, ISBN 3-428-00191-5 , pp. 658 f. ( Digitized version ).
• Ludger M. Hermanns: Karl Abraham and the beginnings of the Berlin Psychoanalytic Association. In: Michael Hubenstorf et al. (Ed.): Medical history and social criticism. Festschrift for Gerhard Baader. Matthiesen, Husum 1997, pp. 174-188.
• Juliusburger, Otto. In: Alma Kreuter: German-speaking neurologists and psychiatrists. A biographical-bibliographical lexicon from the precursors to the middle of the 20th century. Saur, Munich 1996, Vol. 2, pp. 670-672 ( limited preview in the Google book search).
• Juliusburger, Otto. In: German Biographical Encyclopedia . 2nd edition. Vol. 5 (2006), p. 412 ( limited preview in Google Book Search).
• Werner Röder, Herbert A. Strauss (Eds.), International Biographical Dictionary of Central European Emigrés 1933-1945 , Vol II, 1: Munich: Saur 1983 ISBN 3-598-10089-2 , p. 577

Web links

Commons : Otto Juliusburger  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

• Works by Otto Juliusburger in the Berlin State Library

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Werner Röder, Herbert A. Strauss (Ed.): International Biographical Dictionary , 1983, p. 577