Salo printer

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Memorial plaque for Salo printers

Salomon "Salo" Siegfried Drucker (born September 17, 1885 in Lissa , Province of Posen ; † August 19, 1940 in Sachsenhausen concentration camp ) was a German pediatrician, social doctor and victim of the Nazi regime.

Medical studies, career entry, First World War and political activity

Drucker studied medicine at the University of Berlin from 1904 to 1909 and was licensed in Berlin in 1910 and awarded a Dr. med. PhD . From 1910 he specialized in pediatrics as an assistant doctor in Berlin . He joined the SPD and was involved in the field of health policy for the Central Education Committee as a "traveling speaker". From 1911 to 1914 he was also a “youth worker in workers' associations”. He also published on medical topics and the social situation. As a military doctor, he took part continuously in the First World War. He was briefly a member of the USPD , but rejoined the SPD in 1922.

Work as a city doctor in Berlin-Wedding

After the end of the war he was a community and school doctor in Berlin-Reinickendorf from 1919 to 1922 . From 1922 until his discharge in 1933 he was the first city doctor in the Wedding district , where he also worked on health policy. As head of the local health department in a workers' district marked by material need, he expanded the health system. Under his direction were among other things the school health system, the drinkers and tuberculosis care, the Kaiser- and Kaiserin-Friedrich-Kinderkrankenhaus , the child welfare, the bathing as well as advice centers for skin and venereal diseases. He cooperated with Georg Benjamin and Alfred Grotjahn in the context of public health education. Drucker particularly promoted alcohol abstinence among workers and youth through education, writing and the creation of alcohol-free rooms. In the field of social medicine, he also gave lectures at local SPD groups and trade union events on alcohol addiction, health damage caused by smoking and sexually transmitted diseases. He also organized exhibitions on health care issues and spoke on the radio. He was a member of the board of directors of the German Workers' Abstinents Association and the working group of socialist alcohol opponents . He also joined the Association of Socialist Doctors in 1924 .

"Any measure to restrict alcohol consumption encounters not only bitter resistance from the materially interested alcohol capital, but also from all bourgeois parties who see the alcoholic dampening of the proletariat as one of their means of rule [...] The working class must also free itself from alcohol."

- Salo Drucker: Alcohol and the Proletariat, 1928.

Emigration after the Nazi takeover, return, persecution and death

After the seizure of power by the Nazis , he was due to the Law for the Restoration of the Professional Civil Service on 15 April 1933 as a Jew dismissed and Social Democrat from the post of city physician. He then emigrated to Switzerland , where he was not allowed to practice. Also because he ran the risk of losing his pension entitlements in Germany , he returned to Berlin with his wife in 1934. After unsuccessful attempts to emigrate to the USA or England, he moved from Berlin-Frohnau to Berlin-Wilmersdorf in 1935 , where he set up a private practice in his apartment. There he treated Jewish children and after his license was withdrawn, he was only able to practice as a Jewish nurse . On June 11, 1940, Drucker was arrested by Gestapo officials in his apartment , taken to the Gestapo prison at Prinz-Albrecht-Strasse 8 and questioned at the police headquarters , as he was accused of spreading “ atrocity propaganda ”. In mid-July 1940 he was sent to the Sachsenhausen concentration camp, where he died a month later. Allegedly he died of pneumonia . His ashes were buried in the Jewish cemetery in Berlin-Weißensee .

Commemoration

Stumbling block for Salo printers with an incorrect date of death

To commemorate Drucker, a memorial plaque was unveiled at Reinickendorfer Strasse 60a on August 19, 1990 in Berlin-Wedding. In the Wilmersdorf district, a stumbling block was laid in memory of his last place of residence at Fasanenstrasse 59 . There is also a stumbling block for his wife Liesbeth, née Sachs (1884–1941). The couple remained childless. The Social Democrat supported her husband in his crackdown on alcoholism . During the funeral of her deceased husband, she shouted "The Murderers" three times. On November 27, 1941, she was transported from the Grunewald train station to Riga in a transport, where she was shot with the other 1,053 deportees on November 30, 1941 in a nearby forest . The statement that she was transported to Auschwitz concentration camp is incorrect. Almost all of the couple's family members were victims of the Holocaust .

Fonts (selection)

  • The venereal diseases: A lecture groundr. with 33 pictures , Central Education Committee of the Social Democratic Party of Germany, Berlin 1915
  • From smoking and drinking , G. Birk & Co. mb H., Munich 1927
  • The meaning of the socialist abstinence movement , German Workers' Abstinents Association, Berlin 1927
  • Alcoholism and Workers' Welfare , Main Committee f. Workers' Welfare, Berlin 1929
  • Alcohol care and health insurance , Verb. Schweizer. Welfare offices f. People at risk from alcohol, Bern 1934

Journal articles (selection)

In: The Socialist Doctor .

  • Alcohol and public health. Volume II (1926/27), Issue 1 (April), pp. 39-41 digitized
  • The socialist doctor and the fight against alcoholism. Volume III (1927/28), Issue 4 (April), pp. 36-37 digitized
  • The organization of public health. Volume IV (1928), Issue 1-2 (August), pp. 24-26 digitized
  • August Forel. A short epilogue on his 80th birthday. Volume IV (1928), Issue 3-4 (December), pp. 33-34 digitized
  • The 33rd German Health Insurance Day. Volume V (1929), Issue 3 (September), pp. 115-120 digitized
  • Drinkers children. Volume VIII (1932), Issue 1 (January), pp. 18-25 digitized

literature

  • Eduard Seidler : Jewish paediatricians 1933–1945. Disenfranchised - fled - murdered. Jewish Pediatricians - Victims of Persecution 1933–1945. S. Karger, Basel 2007, ISBN 9783805582841 , p. 147f.
  • Heinz Domeinski: Dr. med. Salo Drucker — the first city doctor in Wedding . In Bernhard Meyer, Hans Jürgen Mende (editor): Berlin Jewish Doctors in the Weimar Republic, Luisenstädtischer Bildungsverein, Berlin 1996; Pp. 41-81.
  • Drucker, Salo, Dr. med. In: Alfons Labisch / Florian Tennstedt : The way to the "Law on the Unification of the Health System" of July 3, 1934. Development lines and moments of the state and municipal health system in Germany , Part 2, Academy for Public Health in Düsseldorf 1985, ISSN 0172 -2131, pp. 400-401.

Web links

Commons : Salo Printer  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e Eduard Seidler: Jewish paediatricians 1933–1945. Disenfranchised - Fled - Murdered , Basel 2007, p. 147f.
  2. ↑ a b c d e Drucker, Salo, Dr. med. In: Alfons Labisch / Florian Tennstedt: The way to the "Law on the Unification of Health" of July 3, 1934. Development lines and moments of the state and municipal health system in Germany , Part 2, Academy for Public Health in Düsseldorf 1985, p. 400f.
  3. ↑ Quoted in Eduard Seidler: Jüdische Kinderärzte 1933–1945. Disenfranchised - Fled - Murdered , Basel 2007, p. 148
  4. ↑ Hans-Walter Schmuhl : The Society of German Neurologists and Psychiatrists in National Socialism , Springer, Berlin 2016, p. 138
  5. ↑ a b Stolpersteine ​​in Berlin. Monika Hein: Salo Siegfried Drucker
  6. ↑ Stumbling blocks in Berlin. Monika Hein: Liesbeth Drucker (née Sachs)
personal data
SURNAME Drucker, Salo
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Drucker, Salomon Siegfried (full name)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German pediatrician, social medicine specialist and Nazi victim
DATE OF BIRTH September 17, 1885
PLACE OF BIRTH Lissa , Poznan Province
DATE OF DEATH August 19, 1940
Place of death Sachsenhausen concentration camp