Berlin-Grunewald train station
| Berlin-Grunewald | |
|---|---|
 Reception building
|
|
| Data | |
| Location in the network | Intermediate station |
| Design | Through station |
| Platform tracks | 4 (S-Bahn) |
| abbreviation | BGD (long-distance train) BGWD (S-Bahn) |
| IBNR | 8089062 |
| Price range | 4th |
| opening | August 1, 1879 |
| Website URL | s-bahn-berlin.de |
| Profile on Bahnhof.de | Berlin-Grunewald |
| Architectural data | |
| architect | Karl Cornelius |
| location | |
| City / municipality | Berlin |
| Place / district | Grunewald |
| country | Berlin |
| Country | Germany |
| Coordinates | 52 ° 29 '21 " N , 13 ° 15' 41" E |
| Railway lines | |
| Railway stations in Berlin | |
The Berlin-Grunewald train station in the Berlin district of Grunewald ( Charlottenburg-Wilmersdorf district ) is now a station of the Berlin S-Bahn on the Wetzlarer Bahn or the extended Stadtbahn . The station includes the Hundekehle parking facility and car shed south of the S-Bahn station, as well as a parking facility for passenger trains. The platforms and other buildings are now under monument protection .
During the National Socialist era , numerous deportation trains left Berlin from here.
history
Time until 1939
In 1873 the Royal Cabinet decided to build what is now the Grunewald station on the militarily important Wetzlar Railway, part of the so-called " Kanonenbahn ". On August 1, 1879, the station was opened under the name Hundekehle . This name referred to the near the train station in Grunewald lying Hundekehlefenn . At that time the station had its largest extension with four platforms (three central platforms and one side platform). In addition to the two platforms of the Wetzlarer Bahn, two more platforms were created for "Grunewald trains", which ended at Grunewald station when coming from the Ringbahn. Just five years later, the station was given its final name on October 15, 1884. Until then, another train station was called Grunewald , this is located on the Berlin Ringbahn and was renamed Halensee in 1884 .
With the establishment of the Grunewald villa colony in 1899, the station received a representative reception building based on a design by Karl Cornelius . The building, a plastered brick building with sandstone parts , gives the impression of a castle gate, above which an impeller resembles a coat of arms. The building is crowned by a wind vane in the form of a steam locomotive. The rest of the train station was also redesigned at this time and the two access tunnels, only one of which is still in operation today, were created.
On June 11, 1928, direct current electrification reached Grunewald station by busbar . With the commissioning of the S-Bahn on the Wetzlarer Bahn, the "Grunewald trains" from the Ringbahn were discontinued and the corresponding platforms were dismantled.
Two areas of the Grunewald train station are each listed as a complete system. On the one hand the complex Ringbahn-terminus Grunewald with station building from 1879, signal box, functional building and track systems as well as the memorial for the transport of Jewish citizens, on the other hand the complex S-Bahnhof Grunewald, reception building with the station building designed by Karl Cornelius from 1899, the tunnel and two platforms.
Deportations
During the Holocaust , over 50,000 German Jews were deported from Berlin from October 1941 until the end of the war . Next to the Grunewald station, deportation trains started from the Moabit freight station and the Anhalter station . The first deportation train left Grunewald station on October 18, 1941 with 1,013 Jews. On this day the systematic deportation of Jews from Berlin began. Until April 1942, the trains mainly went to the Eastern European ghettos to Litzmannstadt (today: Łódź), Riga and Warsaw . From the end of 1942, almost only the Auschwitz-Birkenau extermination camp and the Theresienstadt concentration camp were the destinations. About 35 trains with 17,000 Jews left the Grunewald train station in the “Auschwitz Death Factory” alone.
The role of the Deutsche Reichsbahn in the Holocaust went unnoticed for a long time.
It was not until the 1980s and 1990s that several memorials were erected in memory of this chapter in the past of Grunewald station . Therefore, the first memorials were erected by other groups.
The first memorial plaque to commemorate these deportations was put up on November 8, 1953 on the 15th anniversary of the Reichspogromnacht at the Signalhaus, but it was removed again for unknown reasons; the time of dismantling is also not documented. The inauguration ceremony was disrupted by West Berlin police officers who blocked access to the freight yard (the premises of which belonged to the Deutsche Reichsbahn ) because the association of those persecuted by the Nazi regime in West Berlin , which initiated the memorial plaque, was considered to be dominated by communists . The second plaque of the memorial was not put up until twenty years later in 1973 and was stolen in 1986.
On October 18, 1987, the 46th anniversary of the first transport, another memorial was erected by a women's group from the Protestant community of Grunewald. A third with the inscription stood vertically on two railway sleepers
"10/18/41"
A brass plate with the inscription
"We remember / Oct. 18, 41 / Oct. 18, 87"
completed the small ensemble. After the initiators could no longer maintain the memorial due to age, it grew over and the brass plate was stolen. In 2005 it was simplified, with a transverse instead of a vertical railway sleeper, restored and a new brass plate mounted, now with the lettering
“In memory of the people who were deported from this train station. Oct. 18, 1941-18. Oct. 1987 "
On April 3, 1987, a bronze plaque was unveiled at the former guard house. In Hebrew is there
"In memory of the victims of the extermination"
Below is in German :
"In memory of tens of thousands of Jewish citizens of Berlin who were deported from here by the Nazi executioners to the death camps from October 1941 to February 1945 and murdered."
With the construction of the track 17 memorial described below, the bronze plaque was integrated into it.
On October 18, 1991, a memorial created by the Polish artist Karol Broniatowski was unveiled on the ramp to the freight yard on the initiative of the Wilmersdorf district at the time . It consists of a concrete wall with negative impressions of human bodies and an explanatory bronze plaque. In addition to the deportation by train, it addresses the countless marches from the Berlin interim camps to the deportation stations.
Deutsche Bahn AG held a limited competition to erect a central memorial to commemorate the role of the Reichsbahn under the National Socialist dictatorship . A design by the team of architects Nicolaus Hirsch, Wolfgang Lorch and Andrea Wandel was selected . Cast-iron plates were laid on both sides of track 17, from which most of the deportation trains left. All journeys from Berlin with the number of deportees and the destination are documented in chronological order on the "platform edges" of these panels. The appearance of the Gleis 17 memorial forms a counterpoint to the memorial for the murdered Jews of Europe . Initially modest in appearance, it impresses the visitor when entering the cast iron plates due to its spacious dimensions, which are revealed when walking. The vegetation that has conquered part of the track over the years has been included in the memorial as a symbol that a train will never again leave this track. The memorial was unveiled on January 27, 1998. The Israeli Prime Minister Ehud Olmert also visited the Gleis 17 memorial on his first trip to Germany on December 12, 2006 . Olmert and Berlin's then Governing Mayor Klaus Wowereit gave speeches.
post war period
Due to the effects of the war , the station was out of service from April to July 1945.
After the division of the city , the importance of the S-Bahn in terms of transport policy in West Berlin declined rapidly. The station was now mainly used by pedestrians and cyclists to reach the Grunewald forest, the largest local recreation area in the western part of Berlin, through the tunnel under the extensive railway facilities. It was not until 1980, as part of the railway strike , that S-Bahn traffic stopped again from September 19 to 27, and again in the eventual transfer of operations to the West Berlin BVG from January 9 to April 30, 1984.
In 2011, renovation work was carried out as part of the economic stimulus programs of the Federal Republic of Germany. In the course of this, two elevators to the S-Bahn platforms were built for barrier-free access, with the northern elevator being integrated into a historical platform structure.
Efforts by the Charlottenburg-Wilmersdorf district to reopen the southern station access that was closed before 1961 have so far been unsuccessful. This would lead to Auerbacher Strasse across from Douglasstrasse. In 2002, as part of the overhaul of the S-Bahn line, the state of Berlin declared to the Deutsche Bahn that it would forego the restoration of this access. This is justified by the high renovation costs on the one hand and the expected low number of users on the other.
future
A development with city villas on a ten- hectare area of Deutsche Bahn AG that is no longer required for operation is currently in dispute . This area, which comes relatively close to the platform 17 memorial , could only be developed in the area of the ramp where the Karol Broniatowski memorial is located. Critics fear a disturbance of the memorial character of the memorials.
Other plants
Wagenhalle dog throat
To the south of the passenger station is the "Hundekehle railcar shed". It was opened in 1907 as part of a "parking station for city traffic". The five-door engine shed was built in a functional architecture as an iron framework and wooden support structure, presumably by Blum and Giese. The facility is supplemented by a warehouse and administration building connected to the north, which is still based on the Märkische brick Gothic with a steep pitched roof and decorative gables. There are other buildings in the area, for example a small switchgear built by Richard Brademann around 1930 on the eastern track.
DB workshop for emergency technology
The first railway workshop on Cordesstrasse went into operation as early as 1879. The current building dates from 1929 and housed the Berlin Grunewald depot of the Deutsche Reichsbahn. The Grunewald depot was closed on September 26, 1998.
After DB Netz took over the property in 2009, several million euros were invested. The plant was symbolically opened in May 2013. Today the property houses one of five workshops of the railway subsidiary nationwide and specializes in the maintenance and repair of auxiliary vehicles for emergency technology. These include a. Rescue trains , rail cranes and snow plows .
Connection
The S-Bahn station is served by the S7 line of the Berlin S-Bahn . There are transfer connections to the bus lines M19, 186 and 349 of the Berliner Verkehrsbetriebe .
| line | course |
|---|---|
|
Potsdam Central Station - Babelsberg - Griebnitzsee - Wannsee - Nikolassee - Grunewald - Westkreuz - Charlottenburg - Savignyplatz - Zoological Garden - Tiergarten - Bellevue - Central Station - Friedrichstrasse - Hackescher Markt - Alexanderplatz - Jannowitzbrücke - Ostbahnhof - Warschauer Strasse - Ostkreuz - Nöldnerplatz - Lichtenberg - Friedrichsfelde Ost - Springpfuhl - Poelchaustraße - Marzahn - Raoul-Wallenberg-Straße - Mehrower Allee - Ahrensfelde |
See also
- Special trains to death , a traveling exhibition
- Train of Remembrance (children on deportation trains)
- Cologne - Cologne Messe / Deutz train station
- Stuttgart - Memorial at the Nordbahnhof
- Denk-Mal freight car - deportation memorial in Hamburg-Winterhude
literature
- Blum and Giese: The extension of the Grunewald train station near Berlin . In: Zeitschrift für Bauwesen , Volume 60 (1910), Col. 573–608, Plate 71–72. Digitized
- Nikolaus Hirsch, Wolfgang Lorch, Andrea Wandel (eds.): Gleis 17. Sternberg Press, Berlin / New York 2009, ISBN 978-1-933128-60-3 .
- Architects and Engineers Association of Berlin (ed.): Berlin and its buildings, part X, volume B, systems for traffic, (2) long-distance traffic . Ernst & Son, Berlin 1984.
- Jürgen Meyer-Kronthaler, Wolfgang Kramer: Berlin's S-Bahnhöfe / A three-quarters of a century . be.bra verlag, Berlin 1998, ISBN 3-930863-25-1 , pp. 104/105.
- Alfred Gottwaldt, Diana Schulle: The "Deportations of Jews" from the German Reich 1941–1945 . marixverlag, Wiesbaden 2005. ISBN 3-86539-059-5 .
- Berlinische Galerie and The Senator for Building and Housing (ed.): Commemoration and memorial / drafts to commemorate the deportation and annihilation of the Jewish population of Berlin . Catalog for the exhibition of the same name (November 4, 1988 to January 8, 1989) in the Berlinische Galerie.
- Hainer Weißpflug: Grunewald S-Bahn station . In: Hans-Jürgen Mende , Kurt Wernicke (Hrsg.): Berliner Bezirkslexikon, Charlottenburg-Wilmersdorf . Luisenstadt educational association . Haude and Spener / Edition Luisenstadt, Berlin 2005, ISBN 3-7759-0479-4 ( luise-berlin.de - as of October 7, 2009).
Web links
- Entry in the Berlin State Monument List with further information (Grunewald S-Bahn station)
- Entry in the Berlin State Monument List (Ringbahn terminus Grunewald)
- Entry in the Berlin State Monument List with further information (parking station and depot Hundekehle)
- Grunewald station on stadtschnellbahn-berlin.de
- Memorials at the Grunewald train station . In: Lexicon of the Charlottenburg-Wilmersdorf district
- The Grunewald train station - The deportation of the Jews from Berlin (1941–1945) . German Historical Museum
- The platform 17 memorial at Grunewald station . Deutsche Bahn
- Platform 17 . A photographic approach
- Berlin-Grunewald, quai 17 . Cercleshoah, France
Individual evidence
- ↑ Station price list 2020. In: Deutsche Bahn. Deutsche Bahn, January 1, 2020, accessed on July 10, 2020 .
- ^ Given at: Grunewald S-Bahn station . In: District lexicon of the Luisenstädtischer Bildungsverein and Meyer-Kronthaler / Kramer. Berlin and its buildings names Halensee as the opening name .
- ^ At the Grunewald train station. In: Street name lexicon of the Luisenstädtischer Bildungsverein (near Kaupert ). Meyer-Kronthaler / Kramer name May 20, 1884.
- ↑ Ringbahn terminus Grunewald in the Berlin State Monument List
- ↑ Grunewald S-Bahn station, reception building in the Berlin State Monument List
- ↑ Susanne Kill: The role of the Reichsbahn and the handling of the Deutsche Bahn with the legacy of the past ( page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF; 34 kB)
- ↑ Early commemoration at the Berlin-Grunewald deportation station (PDF) A find from the picture archive (detailed report and classification of the inauguration, including with Lin Jaldati, as well as some of the 25 previously unknown photos from the VVN-VdA archive) in: Active Museum Members' Circular 74, January 2016
- ↑ In West Berlin, Jewish citizens forced a memorial service for the victims of Kristallnacht in: Neues Deutschland , November 11, 1953, p. 8 Source: ZEFYS newspaper portal / DDR-Presse
- ↑ berlin.de ( Memento of the original from September 24, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. with a link to Wowereits speech.
- ↑ Address by Prime Minister Ehud Olmert
- ↑ Economic stimulus program, measures of the economic stimulus programs for the Berlin-Grunewald train station. (No longer available online.) In: bahnhof.de. Formerly in the original ; Retrieved April 27, 2012 . ( Page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Grunewald S-Bahn station now equipped with an elevator. (No longer available online.) S-Bahn Berlin GmbH, October 28, 2011, archived from the original on December 30, 2011 ; Retrieved April 27, 2012 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Printed matter 17/18610. (PDF) Berlin House of Representatives, June 10, 2016, accessed on June 28, 2016 .
- ↑ Entry in the Berlin State Monument List (topography text)
- ↑ a b Bahnchef Grube seeks contact with the base in Berlin. In: Berliner Morgenpost . November 23, 2013, accessed December 5, 2013 .
