Heinrich Jacob Goldschmidt
Heinrich Jacob Goldschmidt (born December 4, 1857 in Prague , Austrian Empire ; died September 20, 1937 in Oslo ) was an Austrian chemist ( organic chemistry , physical chemistry ) who was a professor at the University of Oslo .
Life
Goldschmidt studied chemistry in Vienna, Graz and Prague and received his doctorate from the German University in Prague in 1881 . The subject of the doctorate was "Hypochlorous nitric acid from Gay Lussac". He completed his habilitation in 1881 at the Zurich Polytechnic and became an honorary professor there in 1885. In Zurich (and later in Heidelberg) he worked with Victor Meyer . From 1894 to 1896 he was a private lecturer with Jacobus Henricus van 't Hoff in Amsterdam. He then became an associate professor at Heidelberg University (1899). From 1901 until his retirement in 1927, he was a full professor of chemistry at the University of Oslo.
He first worked in organic chemistry and his discovery (with Victor Meyer, 1889) of the isomerism of benzil dioximes was the starting point for the stereochemistry of nitrogen. In Amsterdam he turned to (organic) physical chemistry. He measured the speeds of organic reactions and reaction mechanisms (e.g. rearrangement of diazonium compounds and formation of azo dyes) and, through conductivity measurements in saponification and esterification reactions, recognized the role that H and OH ions play as catalysts. Goldschmidt also investigated dissociation in non-aqueous solutions.
He was a member of the Göttingen (1930), the Danish and Norwegian Academy of Sciences.
He was the father of Victor Moritz Goldschmidt . When he was a mineralogy professor in Göttingen in 1929, he moved in with him, but both of them left Germany as Jews before the Nazis' persecution and returned to Oslo in 1935.
He was the first Jew to receive the Norwegian Order of Saint Olav .
literature
- Entry in Winfried Pötsch, Annelore Fischer, Wolfgang Müller: Lexicon of important chemists. Frankfurt am Main 1988, ISBN 3-8171-1055-3
- xxx , in: Werner Röder; Herbert A. Strauss (Ed.): International Biographical Dictionary of Central European Emigrés 1933-1945 . Volume 2.1. Munich: Saur, 1983 ISBN 3-598-10089-2 , p. 394
Web links
- Goldschmidt Heinrich Jacob. In: Austrian Biographical Lexicon 1815–1950 (ÖBL). Volume 2, Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Vienna 1959, p. 26.
- Max Bodenstein : Heinrich Goldschmidt on the seventy-fifth birthday , in: Journal for Electrochemistry and Applied Physical Chemistry 38 (12), 899–900 (December 1932).
Individual evidence
- ^ According to the dictionary of important chemists . The Austrian Biographical Lexicon (see web links) incorrectly states ETH Zurich.
- ↑ Holger Krahnke: The members of the Academy of Sciences in Göttingen 1751-2001 (= Treatises of the Academy of Sciences in Göttingen, Philological-Historical Class. Volume 3, Vol. 246 = Treatises of the Academy of Sciences in Göttingen, Mathematical-Physical Class. Episode 3, vol. 50). Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen 2001, ISBN 3-525-82516-1 , p. 94.
- ^ Encyclopedia Judaica, Thomson Gale 2007.
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Goldschmidt, Heinrich Jacob |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Austrian chemist |
| DATE OF BIRTH | December 4, 1857 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Prague |
| DATE OF DEATH | September 20, 1937 |
| Place of death | Oslo |