Max Bodenstein
Max Ernst August Bodenstein (born July 15, 1871 in Magdeburg , † September 3, 1942 in Berlin ) was a German physical chemist .
Life
Max Bodenstein was born on July 15, 1871, the eldest son of the Magdeburg businessman and owner of the Bodenstein brewery , Franz Bodenstein (1834–1885), and his first wife Elise Meissner (1846–1876) in Magdeburg.
Bodenstein studied from 1889 in Wiesbaden with Carl Remigius Fresenius and at the University of Heidelberg , where in 1893 he studied with Victor Meyer with the topic: Decomposition of hydrogen iodide in the heat to become a Dr. phil. nat. received his doctorate. After studying organic chemistry with Karl Liebermann at the Technical University of Berlin-Charlottenburg and physical chemistry with Walther Nernst at the University of Göttingen , he completed his habilitation in 1899 at the University of Heidelberg on the subject of gas reactions in chemical kinetics .
In 1896 he married Marie Nebel (1862–1944), daughter of the lawyer Friedrich Nebel and Maria Busch, in Heidelberg. The marriage resulted in two daughters: Hilde (* 1897) and Elsbeth (* 1901), later married Michaelis.
In 1900 Bodenstein went to the physicochemical institute of Wilhelm Ostwald at the University of Leipzig , where he became adjunct professor in 1904, before he finally became associate professor at the University of Berlin and head of department at the physicochemical institute of Walther Nernst in 1906 . In 1908 he accepted the offer to become full professor at the TH Hannover and director of the electrochemical institute. In 1923 he returned to Berlin and succeeded Walther Nernst at the Physicochemical Institute. Hermann Braune succeeded him in the Electrochemical Institute in Hanover in 1924.
Max Bodenstein was an employee of the German Atomic Weight Commission, co-editor of the journal for physical chemistry and a corresponding member of the Academy of Sciences in Göttingen and the Bavarian Academy of Sciences , from 1925 a full member of the Royal Prussian Academy of Sciences and since 1933 a member of the German Academy of Sciences Naturalist Leopoldina . For his many years of service, when he retired in 1936, Bodenstein received the August Wilhelm von Hofmann commemorative coin from the German Chemical Society . In addition, he was awarded a Dr. sc. hc from Princeton University and Dr. Ing e. H. appointed.
The grave of Max Bodenstein is in the Protestant churchyard Nikolassee in field E. A memorial plaque on the building of the former Physikalisch-Chemisches Institut in Bunsenstrasse in Berlin-Mitte reminds of the work of Max Bodenstein and Walther Nernst in this house. Bodenstein retired in 1936.
Services
Bodenstein is considered to be the founder of chemical kinetics . Particularly intense he explored the reaction mechanism of chlorine and hydrogen - reaction . With this research he contributed to the understanding of light-induced chemical chain reactions and thus made a contribution to photochemistry .
The Bodenstein principle of quasi-stationarity is named after him : It is assumed for successive reactions that a reactive intermediate is present in a quasi-constant (quasi-stationary) concentration:
A → B → C
[B] = ~ const. or d [B] / dt = ~ 0
Reactive intermediates can e.g. B. be: radicals , carbenium ions , molecules in the excited state etc.
Victor Henri wrote in 1902: “M. Bodenstein, to whom I owe a lot of valuable advice ”, especially regarding the kinetic description of the enzyme invertase . In this way, Bodenstein contributed to early research in enzyme kinetics . According to Henri and a later article by Bodenstein himself, he proposed the enzyme kinetic equation v = VS / (mS + nP) around 1901/02. Henri corrected this to v = VS / (1 + mS + nP) (both written in modern notation; S: substrate concentration, P: product concentration).
See also
Works
- Chemical kinetics . Results of the exact natural sciences, Vol. 1, pp. 197-209, Berlin, 1922
- Photochemistry . Results of the exact natural sciences Vol. 1, pp. 210-227, Berlin, 1922
- Complete bibliography in the academy library of the Berlin-Brandenburg Academy of Sciences and Humanities : (PDF; 109 kB)
literature
- Max von Laue : Bodenstein, Max. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 2, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1955, ISBN 3-428-00183-4 , p. 357 f. ( Digitized version ).
- Paul Trommsdorff: The faculty of the Technical University of Hanover 1831-1931. Hannover, 1931, pp. 20-21.
- Hans Werchan: Bodenstein, Max Ernst August. In: Guido Heinrich, Gunter Schandera (ed.): Magdeburg Biographical Lexicon 19th and 20th centuries. Biographical lexicon for the state capital Magdeburg and the districts of Bördekreis, Jerichower Land, Ohrekreis and Schönebeck. Scriptum, Magdeburg 2002, ISBN 3-933046-49-1 , p. 69 ( article online ).
Individual evidence
- ↑ Life data, publications and academic family tree of Max Ernst August Bodenstein at academictree.org, accessed on January 7, 2018.
- ^ Bodenstein, M., Dux, W. (1913) Photochemical kinetics of the chlorine detonating gas. Z. Phys. Chemistry 85, 297-328.
- ↑ Bodenstein, M. (1913) A theory of photochemical reaction rates, Z. Phys. Chem. 85, 390-421.
- ^ Henri, V. (1902) Théorie générale de l'action de quelques diastases, CR Hebd. Seances Acad. Sci. 135, 916-919.
- ↑ Bodenstein, M. (1909) Reaction Rate and Catalysis in 1908, Z. Elektrochem. 15, 329-397.
Web links
- Literature by and about Max Bodenstein in the catalog of the German National Library
- Joint union catalog: Bodenstein, Max
- Max Bodenstein in the professorial catalog of the University of Leipzig
- Overview of Max Bodenstein's courses at the University of Leipzig (winter semester 1900 to winter semester 1906)
- Max Bodenstein
- BBAW: Ernst August Max Bodenstein
- Max Bodenstein: Robert Wilhelm Bunsen's position on organic chemistry . In: Naturwissenschaften, March 27, 1936, Volume 24, Issue 13, pp 193-196 doi : 10.1007 / BF01491303 (his most significant experiences)
personal data | |
---|---|
SURNAME | Bodenstein, Max |
ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Bodenstein, Max Ernst August (full name) |
BRIEF DESCRIPTION | German physical chemist, discoverer of Bodenstein's quasi-stationarity principle |
DATE OF BIRTH | July 15, 1871 |
PLACE OF BIRTH | Magdeburg |
DATE OF DEATH | September 3, 1942 |
Place of death | Berlin |