Autumn daphne

Autumn daphne
	Autumn daphne ( Daphne gnidium )
Systematics
	Rosids
	Eurosiden II
Order :	Mallow-like (Malvales)
Family :	Daphne family (Thymelaeaceae)
Genre :	Daphne ( Daphne )
Type :	Autumn daphne
Scientific name
	Daphne gnidium
	L.

Berry

The Autumn daphne ( Daphne gnidium ) is a plant type from the genus Daphne ( Daphne ) and belongs to the family of Thymelaeaceae (Thymelaeaceae). The specific epithet "gnidium" is of Greco-Latin origin and refers to the city of Knidos in Asia Minor ( kókkos knídios : Knidic berry).

description

The autumn daphne is an evergreen shrub that reaches a height of about 0.6 to two meters. While it is richly leafy in the upper area, it is almost bare in the lower area. Its branches, especially branching in the lower part, are directed upwards. The smooth, cylindrical branches taper towards the top. They are barked brown and develop downy hairs in the upper area.
The one-nerved, bald, somewhat leathery leaves are arranged in a tight spiral over the entire length of the branches. They develop a length of three to four centimeters, their width varies between three and seven millimeters. The leaf shape is linear to lanceolate, the tip of the leaf is spiky. The leaves appear blue-green through a wax coating. They renew themselves once a year.

Between June and October, the hermaphrodite flowers of the autumn daphne develop at the branch tips, which are grouped together in a terminal panicle . Some florists interpret the inflorescence as a simple grape . The single flower has a white-haired flower stalk . The yellowish-white, hairy flower envelope is formed by the calyx . Petals are not present. The four sepals are fused to form a calyx tube. The four oval calyx lobes are slightly shorter than the tube. Stamens and stigmas are hidden in the calyx. The scent of the flowers, reminiscent of tea, is striking.

The leathery, single - seeded stone fruit-like diaspores of the autumn daphne are formed with the participation of the flower axis . Some florists also interpret them as berries . They are egg-shaped, hairless and barely fleshy. Its color is initially bright red, later it takes on a blackish tint.

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 18.

ecology

According to Kugler, the flowers of the autumn daphne are platter flowers with hidden sexual organs. Nectar is kept at the bottom of the calyx tube. The pollination is carried out mainly by bees relatives and moths. The spread of the diaspores is ensured in particular endozoochor over birds.

Occurrence

Daphne gnidium occurs in the entire Mediterranean area from the Canary Islands to North Africa. It inhabits pine forests , maquis and garigue at altitudes from sea level to 1000 meters. It is particularly common in maquis and dry bushes near the coast.

Systematics

Autumn Daphne was in 1753 by Carl Linnaeus in his work Species Plantarum 1 as Daphne gnidium L. first described . The Greco-Latin epithet “gnidium” refers to the city of Knidos in Asia Minor ( kókkos knídios : Knidic berry).

Laureola gnidium (L.) Samp are synonyms . , Mistralia gnidium (L.) Fourr. and Thymelaea gnidium (L.) All. As a subspecies, Daphne gnidium subsp. mauritanica (Nieto Fel.) Halda accepts. The synonym of Daphne gnidium subsp. mauritanica is Daphne mauritanica Nieto Fel.

Poisonous plant

Like many daphne, the autumn daphne is highly poisonous. All parts, but especially the bark and seeds, have poisonous pungent substances, such as daphnetoxin . Eating just a few fruits can lead to death. If you touch freshly cut branches, blister-like rashes can develop. Its seeds were previously used as a laxative remedy for bad and excess body fluids .

Web links

Commons : Herbst-Seidelbast - Album with pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ Daphne gnidium at Telebotanica (fr.)
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h Ruprecht Düll, Irene Düll: Pocket dictionary of the Mediterranean flora. Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2007, ISBN 978-3-494-01426-5 , p. 129
^ Daphne gnidium at Plants for a Future
↑ Julve, Ph .: Baseflor. Index botanique, écologique et chorologique de la flore de France . Version 30 octobre 2015
↑ ^a ^b Ruprecht Düll, Irene Düll: Pocket dictionary of the Mediterranean flora. Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2007, ISBN 978-3-494-01426-5 , p. 22
^ Daphne gnidium at Tropicos.org. In: IPCN Chromosome Reports . Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis
↑ Caroli Linnaei: Species plantarum , scanned at the Biodiversity Heritage Library
↑ Helmut Genaust: Etymological dictionary of botanical plant names. Birkhäuser, Basel / Stuttgart 1976, ISBN 3-7643-0755-2 , p. 181 f.
^ Daphne gnidium in Tropicos
^ Daphne gnidium at The Euro + Med Plantbase Project
^ Constantinus Africanus : De gradibus quos vocant simplicium liber. In: Constantini Africani post Hippocratem et Galenum ... Heinrich Petri, Basel 1536, pp. 342–387; here: p. 364
↑ Gerhard Bahn (ed.): The Lexicon plantarum (manuscript 604 of the Munich University Library): A forerunner of the German herb book incunabula. Part II, Würzburg 1941 (= texts and studies on the history of natural sciences , 3), p. 42

[tela-1] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ Daphne gnidium at Telebotanica (fr.)

[Düll-2] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h Ruprecht Düll, Irene Düll: Pocket dictionary of the Mediterranean flora. Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2007, ISBN 978-3-494-01426-5 , p. 129

[3] Daphne gnidium at Plants for a Future

[4] Julve, Ph .: Baseflor. Index botanique, écologique et chorologique de la flore de France . Version 30 octobre 2015

[Düll2-5] Ruprecht Düll, Irene Düll: Pocket dictionary of the Mediterranean flora. Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2007, ISBN 978-3-494-01426-5 , p. 22

[IPCN-6] Daphne gnidium at Tropicos.org. In: IPCN Chromosome Reports . Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis

[7] Caroli Linnaei: Species plantarum , scanned at the Biodiversity Heritage Library

[8] Helmut Genaust: Etymological dictionary of botanical plant names. Birkhäuser, Basel / Stuttgart 1976, ISBN 3-7643-0755-2 , p. 181 f.

[9] Daphne gnidium in Tropicos

[10] Daphne gnidium at The Euro + Med Plantbase Project

[11] Constantinus Africanus : De gradibus quos vocant simplicium liber. In: Constantini Africani post Hippocratem et Galenum ... Heinrich Petri, Basel 1536, pp. 342–387; here: p. 364

[12] Gerhard Bahn (ed.): The Lexicon plantarum (manuscript 604 of the Munich University Library): A forerunner of the German herb book incunabula. Part II, Würzburg 1941 (= texts and studies on the history of natural sciences , 3), p. 42