Hersiliidae
| Hersiliidae | ||||||||||||
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Hersiliidae from Bangalore |
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| Systematics | ||||||||||||
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| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Hersiliidae | ||||||||||||
| Thorell , 1870 |
The Hersiliidae are a family of real spiders and comprise 16 genera with around 181 species. (As of December 2016)
The family is common in the tropics and subtropics . The lifestyle varies widely within the family. Some species weave nets hanging from stones , others live on trees and actively hunt for prey, which they spin with silk after being caught.
description
The representatives of the Hersiliidae measure between five and ten millimeters. While some species are black and have a mottled pattern, others are golden brown to brilliant white.
The upper side of the foreleg ( prosoma ) is egg-shaped. The eight eyes, arranged in two strongly curved rows, sit on a small front growth. The middle pair of eyes in the front row is usually larger than those in the back row. The underside ( sternum ) has a straight or slightly curved front edge. The chelicerae are occupied with large and small teeth in some species; however, other species lack these teeth.
The legs are comparatively long, especially in the males. The third pair of legs is the shortest. It is also the only pair of legs whose tarsi is only one-limbed and not, as with the other pairs of legs, partly also two-limbed. There is also a nail on the tarsi, which has three tarsal claws. Also trichobothria are present on the legs.
The body shape is dominated by the posterior spinnerets , which in the tree-dwelling species are about as long as the abdomen ( opisthosoma ) itself. They have a cylindrical shape and taper slightly towards the tip. On the inside they have small tubes that are used to produce silk. The abdomen itself is flat and narrower at the transition to the front abdomen than behind. It is also covered with small, feather-like bristles. The openings of the two book lungs are also located near the spinnerets.
Systematics
External system
Phylogenetically , the Hersiliidae are compared to the Oecobiidae as sister taxons. This group is seen as a sister group of Eresidae . The complete cladogram down to the level of real spiders is shown below:
| Real spiders (Araneomorphae) |
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Internal system
The World Spider Catalog lists 16 genera and 181 species for the Hersiliidae. (As of December 2016)
- Bastanius Mirshamsi, Zamani & Marusik , 2016
- Deltshevia Marusik & Fet , 2009
- Duninia Marusik & Fet , 2009
- Hersilia Audouin , 1826
- Hersiliola Thorell , 1870
- Iviraiva Rheims & Brescovit , 2004
- Murricia Simon , 1882
- Neotama Baehr & Baehr , 1993
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Ovtsharenkoia Marusik & Fet , 2009
- Ovtsharenkoia pallida ( Kroneberg , 1875)
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Prima Foord , 2008
- Prima ansieae Foord , 2008
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Promurricia Baehr & Baehr , 1993
- Promurricia depressa Baehr & Baehr , 1993
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Tama Simon , 1882
- Tama edwardsi ( Lucas , 1846)
- Tamopsis Baehr & Baehr , 1987
- Tyrotama Foord & Dippenaar-Schoeman , 2005
- Yabisi Rheims & Brescovit , 2004
- Ypypuera Rheims & Brescovit , 2004
Web links
Hersiliidae in the World Spider Catalog
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Natural History Museum of the Burgergemeinde Bern: World Spider Catalog Version 17.5 - Hersiliidae . Retrieved December 24, 2016.
- ↑ a b c Rudy Jocqué, Ansie Dippenaar-Schoeman: Spider Families of the World . Royal Museum for Central Africa, Tervuren 2007, ISBN 90-75894-85-6 , pp. 134f.