Heart scouring

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Abraham Naftali Herz Scheuer , also Abraham-Naftali Herz ben David (civil: David Scheuer ; born 1753 in Frankfurt am Main ; died October 10, 1822 in Mainz ) was a rabbi in Mainz and an opponent of the reform Jewish movement of the French consistory. He fought, among other things, the adoption of the organ in the service. He was the teacher of Isaak Bernays .

Life

Abraham Scheuer was born in Frankfurt am Main in 1753 as the son of the rabbi (David) Tewele Scheuer and Sara Ester Reinganum. His brother Michael Scheuer was also a rabbi. He was a grandson of Nathan Utitz and a son of Bella Utitz. In 1771 he married Perl Lucka, daughter of Samuel Lucka from Prague.

Scheuer took over his father's yeshiva in Kurmainz as Rosch-Jeschiva (head of the school) from 1778 to 1782, replacing his brother Rabbi Mechel Scheuer. In 1782 he refused to take over the office of chief rabbi; he worked as a minor rabbi and teacher. In 1792/93 he fled to Aschaffenburg before the French Revolution.

In his day, the Talmud School in Magenza was well known and at one point had 50 students. After his release it became less important. He trained many German and French rabbis.

His brother Michael founded the Talmud School in Mannheim.

From 1799 Scheuer was chief rabbi in the Mainz republic ; In 1810 he resigned due to the reforms of the Consistoire du Département du Mont-Tonnerre ; The rabbi of Mont-Tonnerre, Samuel Levi (1751–1813), who had apparently made a good impression on Napoleon, was entrusted in 1808 as “Grand Rabbin” with the management of the consistory in Mainz. Alternatively, Napoleon had offered him the same position in Metz . In Mainz he found it very difficult to get the local community used to the new times, and there was considerable tension. Scheuer resigned from office because of Levi and only temporarily returned to office after Levi's death and the end of Napoleon's rule in 1814.

After the end of the Mainz republic, Scheuer was again head of the yeshiva in Mainz .

Wolf Hamburger gave his eulogy.

Teaching and students

He was considered a connoisseur of Jewish mysticism and was the author of Tore Zahaw , the last work of the Jewish Kabbalah after Gershom Scholem . The book, whose title means "Golden Chains" (according to Song of Songs 1:11),

But I want to give you more:

You shall have jewelry made of gold

and pearls around the neck, set in silver!

was published posthumously by his grandson Samuel (Shmuel) Bondi (1794–1877) in 1875, son of Moses-Jona Bondi from Dresden, his closest colleague, and Scheuer's daughter Bella (Berta) Scheuer.

As one of the few rabbis, he refused payment for his office and gave up his office so as not to compromise himself by working with the consistory. He was also the author of the famous Song of Songs on the Zohar .

He became known for his rejection of the organ in synagogues based on the Halacha , which he had presented in the anthology Eleh Dibre ha-B'rit ( These are the words of the covenant , Altona 1819) .

His students included:

His most famous student was Isaak Bernays .

literature

  • Samson Rothschild : Samuel Levi. A rabbi in Worms and a member of the Paris Sanhedrin . In: Allgemeine Zeitung des Judentums 1912, Issue 17, pp. 196-198 ( digitized version )
  • Samson Rothschild: Officials of the Worms Jewish community (mid-18th century to the present) . Kauffmann, Frankfurt 1920, pp. 7-14 ( digitized version ).

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Journal for the History of the Jews . Olamenu., 1968 ( com.ph [accessed September 17, 2019]).
  2. ↑ Michael Brocke , Julius Carlebach , Carsten Wilke : The rabbis of the emancipation time in the German, Bohemian and Greater Poland countries 1781-1871 . Walter de Gruyter, 2010, ISBN 978-3-11-023232-5 ( com.ph [accessed September 17, 2019]).
  3. ^ Mordechai Eliav: Jewish Education in Germany in the Age of Enlightenment and Emancipation . Waxmann Verlag, 1960, ISBN 978-3-8309-5894-9 ( com.ph [accessed September 17, 2019]).
  4. ↑ Eveline Goodman-Thau, Gert Mattenklott, Christoph Schulte: Kabbalah and romanticism: The Jewish mysticism in romantic intellectual history . Walter de Gruyter, 2011, ISBN 978-3-11-094460-0 ( com.ph [accessed September 17, 2019]).
  5. ^ Mordechai Eliav: Jewish Education in Germany in the Age of Enlightenment and Emancipation . Waxmann Verlag, 1960, ISBN 978-3-8309-5894-9 ( com.ph [accessed September 17, 2019]).
  6. ^ Texts on the history of the rabbis and Jewish teachers in Mainz in the 19th and 20th centuries. Century. Retrieved September 17, 2019 .
  7. ^ So: Reuter: Warmaisa. 1000 years , p. 146; Rothschild: Officials , p. 13 names the year 1809.
  8. ^ Reuter: Warmaisa. 1000 years , p. 146; Rothschild: Officials , p. 13.
  9. ↑ Rothschild: Officials , p. 13.
  10. ↑ Rothschild: Officials , p. 13.
  11. ↑ Compact Memory / 76 (1912) [323]. Retrieved September 17, 2019 .
  12. ↑ Michael Brocke, Julius Carlebach, Carsten Wilke: The rabbis of the emancipation time in the German, Bohemian and Greater Poland countries 1781-1871 . Walter de Gruyter, 2010, ISBN 978-3-11-023232-5 ( com.ph [accessed September 17, 2019]).
  13. ↑ Mainz magazine . Verlag des Mainzer Altertumsverein, 2002 ( com.ph [accessed on September 17, 2019]).
  14. ↑ HAMBURGER, WOLF (ABRAHAM BENJAMIN) - JewishEncyclopedia.com. Retrieved September 17, 2019 .
  15. ↑ Michael Brocke, Julius Carlebach, Carsten Wilke: The rabbis of the emancipation time in the German, Bohemian and Greater Poland countries 1781-1871 . Walter de Gruyter, 2010, ISBN 978-3-11-023232-5 ( com.ph [accessed September 17, 2019]).
  16. ↑ Eveline Goodman-Thau, Gert Mattenklott, Christoph Schulte: Kabbalah and romanticism: The Jewish mysticism in romantic intellectual history . Walter de Gruyter, 2011, ISBN 978-3-11-094460-0 , p. 217, 218 ( com.ph [accessed September 17, 2019]).
  17. ↑ See: Moshe Samet: Ha-Shinuyim b'Sidrei Beit-ha-K'neset , Asufot 5, Jerusalem 1991, 345-404: p. 377.
  18. ^ Andreas Gotzmann: Jewish law in the cultural process: the perception of the Halacha in Germany in the 19th century . Mohr Siebeck, 1997, ISBN 978-3-16-146761-5 ( com.ph [accessed September 17, 2019]).
  19. ↑ Michael Brocke, Julius Carlebach, Carsten Wilke: The rabbis of the emancipation time in the German, Bohemian and Greater Poland countries 1781-1871 . Walter de Gruyter, 2010, ISBN 978-3-11-023232-5 ( com.ph [accessed September 17, 2019]).
  20. ↑ Ruth Dröse: The cycle "Pictures from the old Jewish family life" and his painter Moritz Daniel Oppenheim . CoCon-Verlag, 1996, ISBN 978-3-928100-36-6 ( com.ph [accessed September 17, 2019]).
personal data
SURNAME Shy, heart
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Scheuer, Abraham Naftali heart
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German rabbi
DATE OF BIRTH 1753
PLACE OF BIRTH Frankfurt am Main
DATE OF DEATH October 10, 1822
Place of death Mainz