Heterozerconidae
| Heterozerconidae | ||||||||||||
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| Systematics | ||||||||||||
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| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Heterozerconidae | ||||||||||||
| Berlese , 1892 |
Heterozerconidae are a family of mites from the order Mesostigmata . The adult mites have relatively large suction cups on the sides of their abdomen , with which they can attach themselves to the smooth scales of reptiles such as blindworms , double snakes and snakes . Most species, however, can be found on larger podipods .
features
Like the closely related family of the Discozerconidae, the Heterozerconidae have two suction cups . In the Heterozerconidae, they are attached to the side of the abdomen. Another distinguishing feature is a helical spermatodactyl on the immobile finger of the chelicerae of the males and a secondary sperm access system in the females of the Heterozerconidae.
distribution
The species of the Heterozerconidae are distributed almost worldwide in the tropical and subtropical zones. However, they are missing in the Australian fauna zone , where there are some species from the closely related family of the Discozerconidae.
Way of life
The Heterozerconidae attach themselves in the adult stage with the help of their suckers to double-pods , blindworms , double-worms and snakes .
What the Heterozerconidae feed on when they attach themselves to an animal is unknown. It is conceivable that, like the representatives of many other mite families, they can only be transported by the larger animals ( phoresy ). Blood was found in the digestive tract of the mite Amheterozercon amphisbaenae , which belongs to the Heterozerconidae and is found on double snakes . This could be an indication that at least on reptiles specialized mites of the cohort Heterozerconina on their host animals parasitize and how also to mite superordination Parasitiformes counting ticks suck their blood.
Taxonomy and systematics
The phylogenetic relationship of the two sister groups Heterozerconidae and Discozerconidae to the other mite groups is controversial. Johnston suspected a relationship with the Trigynaspida , but molecular genetic studies in 2004 indicated that these mites could be largely specialized species of the suborder Sejina . However, further studies must be carried out to clarify these relationships.
species
The Heterozerconidae comprise eight genera with 20 species:
- Genus Afroheterozercon Fain , 1989
- Afroheterozercon ancoratus Fain , 1989
- Afroheterozercon gabonensis Klompen, Amin & Gerdeman , 2013
- Afroheterozercon goodmani Klompen, Amin & Gerdeman , 2013
- Afroheterozercon madagascariensis Klompen, Amin & Gerdeman , 2013
- Afroheterozercon mahsbergi Klompen, Amin & Gerdeman , 2013
- Afroheterozercon pachybolus ( Fain , 1988)
- Afroheterozercon sanghae Klompen, Amin & Gerdeman , 2013
- Afroheterozercon spirostreptus ( Fain , 1988)
- Afroheterozercon tanzaniensis Klompen, Amin & Gerdeman , 2013
- Genus Allozercon Vitzthum , 1926
- Allozercon fecundissimus Vitzthum , 1926
- Genus Amheterozercon Fain , 1989 ( Synonym : Zeterohercon Flechtmann & Johnston , 1990)
- Amheterozercon amphisbaenae ( Flechtmann & Johnston , 1990)
- Amheterozercon elegans ( Lizaso , 1981)
- Amheterozercon oudemansi ( Finnegan , 1931)
- Genus Asioheterozercon Fain , 1989
- Asioheterozercon audax ( Berlese , 1910)
- Genus Atacoseius Berlese , 1905
- Atacoseius pellucens Berlese , 1905
- Genus Heterozercon Berlese , 1888
- Heterozercon degeneratus Berlese , 1888
- Heterozercon microsuctus Fain , 1989
- Heterozercon spirostreptus Fain , 1988
- Genus Maracazercon Fain , 1989
- Maracazercon joliveti Fain , 1989
- Genus Zeterohercon Flechtmann & Johnston , 1990 see genus Amheterozercon
Individual evidence
- ^ M. Farfan & Hans Klompen: Phoretic mite associates of millipedes (Diplopoda: Julidae) in the northern Atlantic region (North America, Europe). International Journal of Myriapodology, 7, pp. 69-91, 2012 doi : 10.3897 / ijm.7.3064
- ↑ A. Di Palma, BS Gerdeman & G. Alberti: Fine structure and functional morphology of the spermatodactyl in males of Heterozerconidae (Gamasida). International Journal of Acarology, 34, pp. 359-366, 2008 doi : 10.1080 / 17088180809434778
- ↑ Owen D. Seeman & Michelle R. Baker: A new genus and species of Discozerconidae (Acari: Mesostigmata) from carabid beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae) in New Zealand. Zootaxa, 3750, 2, pp. 130-142, 2013 doi : 10.11646 / zootaxa.3750.2.2
- ↑ CHW Flechtmann & D. Johnston: Zeterohercon, a new genus of Heterozerconidae (Acari: Mesostigmata) and the description of Zeterohercon amphisbaenae n. Sp. from Brasil. International Journal of Acarology, 16, pp. 143-148, 1990 doi : 10.1080 / 01647959008683526
- ↑ RA Norton, JB Kethley, DE Johnston & BM O'Connor, BM (1993): Phylogenetic perspectives on genetic system and reproductive modes of mites. In: D. Wrensch & M. Ebbert (Eds.): Evolution and Diversity of Sex Ratio in Insects and Mites. Chapman & Hall, pp. 8-99, New York 1993
- ↑ M. Lekveishvili & Hans clogs: Phylogeny of infraorder Sejina (Acari: Mesostigmata). Zootaxa, 629, pp. 1-19, 2004
- ^ EE Lindquist, GW Krantz & DE Walter: Order Mesostigmata. In: GW Krantz & DE Walter (Eds.): A Manual of Acarolgy, Third Edition. , Pp. 124-232, Texas Tech University Press, Lubbock 2009
- ↑ Heterozerconidae Species Listing . In: Biology Catalog . Texas A&M University . Archived from the original on August 7, 2010. Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved September 18, 2010.
- ↑ a b c d e f Hans Klompen, Milan Amin, & Beverly Swaim Gerdeman: A revision of the genus Afroheterozercon (Acari: Heterozerconidae). Zootaxa, 3626, 3, pp. 301-325, 2013 doi : 10.11646 / zootaxa.3626.3.1
literature
- EE Lindquist, GW Krantz & DE Walter: Order Mesostigmata. In: GW Krantz & DE Walter (Eds.): A Manual of Acarolgy, Third Edition. , Pp. 124-232, Texas Tech University Press, Lubbock 2009