Common hawkweed

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Common hawkweed
Common hawkweed (Hieracium lachenalii), illustration

Common hawkweed ( Hieracium lachenalii ), illustration

Systematics
Euasterids II
Order : Astern-like (Asterales)
Family : Daisy family (Asteraceae)
Subfamily : Cichorioideae
Genre : Hawkweed ( Hieracium )
Type : Common hawkweed
Scientific name
Hieracium lachenalii
Suter

Ordinary hawkweed ( Hieracium lachenalii ) is a herbaceous plant from the family of Compositae (Asteraceae). Their distribution area extends from Western Europe to deep into Eastern and Southeastern Europe and into the Caucasus .

description

The plants are 20 to 50 centimeters high and contain milky sap. Basal leaves are usually present at flowering time, usually two to five (rarely up to 8), 1 to 15 centimeters long and 1–4 cm wide. They are narrow, ovate to lanceolate, blunt or pointed, with coarsely serrated gray-green or light green on the edge, often overlaid with wine-red underneath, almost never spotted on the top, the spots contrast only slightly against the leaf. The usually three to five, rarely one to twelve stem leaves are alternate, some or all of them are sometimes hairy and flaky underneath. The lower, stalked stem leaves resemble the inner basal leaves, while the upper ones are smaller and lanceolate and wedge-shaped to broadly seated. The centrally positioned stem leaves are very short stalked.

Flowering time is June to August. The upright stems are mostly star-haired-gray in the upper half of the stem and covered with dark glandular hairs. The entire inflorescence is paniculate, it has three to eight (rarely two to ten) branches and ten to twenty-five (rarely five to fifty) heads. The bracts, standing in a few rows, are narrow to broad, blunt to pointed, mostly hairless or moderately hairy, but poorly to richly glandular, flaky or moderately flaky. Chaff leaves are missing from the bottom of the basket. The cups measure (with outspread flowers) 2 to 2.5 centimeters in diameter, the flowers are tongue-shaped, hermaphrodite and light golden yellow.

The achenes are almost 4 centimeters long, the hairline is single-row and dirty white, the hair is brittle under pressure on the tip.

The species chromosome number is 2n = 27 or 36.

Occurrence

General distribution

The closed distribution area extends from the Pyrenees through all of Europe (in the north, however, excluding Iceland and the northern part of Scandinavia) to central Siberia, and then occurs again in the coastal mountains of the Sea of ​​Okhotsk (the exact course of the eastern border is, however because of the questionable assignment of some small species not entirely clear). In Southeast Europe the area extends to Romania. Only a few finds are known from Albania and Bulgaria. In Turkey, the species is only sporadically proven, but it occurs again in the Caucasus and with partial areas from the Pamir to the Alatau (here again with delimitation problems). The species is naturalized in North America and New Zealand.

Locations and ecology

The common hawkweed grows individually to herds in partially shaded, occasionally also in light-rich places on moderately fresh, moderately nutrient-rich to nutrient-poor, base-rich, lime-poor to lime-rich, shallow to deep, sometimes stony loamy soils.

The spectrum of light conditions and the ground reaction is presumably partly related to the family specification.

The species occurs frequently in light oak forests (Quercion robori-petraeae), but less often in beech forests because of the poor light conditions. Tightly closing bushes, forest mantle zones and corridors are only populated occasionally. In contrast, the species is characteristic of various acidocline Hieracium fringes in the Black Forest. It also occurs in populations of arboreal grass and blue grass societies, rarely also in mesobromion fragments. However, it takes a back seat to other hawkweeds at secondary locations such as roadsides, quarries and railways. Common hawkweed is absent in some areas in the rough locations of the low mountain ranges and on sandy soils. It rises to about the edge of the deciduous forest.

In the Allgäu Alps, it rises in the Vorarlberg part on the Haldenwanger Egg near Warth up to 1850 m above sea level.

variability

Hieracium lachenalii was first described by Johann Rudolf Suter in 1802 . The complex was further subdivided by Zahn. According to Euro + Med, at least 104 subspecies can be distinguished.

literature

  • Schmeil-Fitschen: The flora of Germany and the neighboring countries , 95th edition, 2011, ISBN 978-3-494-01498-2
  • Dietmar Aichele, Heinz-Werner Schwegler: The flowering plants of Central Europe , Franckh-Kosmos-Verlag, 2nd edition, volume 4
  • Henning Haeupler , Thomas Muer: picture atlas of the fern and flowering plants of Germany (= the fern and flowering plants of Germany. Volume 2). 2nd, corrected and enlarged edition. Published by the Federal Agency for Nature Conservation. Ulmer, Stuttgart 2007, ISBN 978-3-8001-4990-2 .
  • Oskar Sebald, Siegmund Seybold, Georg Philippi: The fern and flowering plants of Baden-Württemberg , Ulmer Verlag, Volume 6

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . 8th edition. Stuttgart, Verlag Eugen Ulmer, 2001. Page 1009. ISBN 3-8001-3131-5
  2. ↑ Erhard Dörr, Wolfgang Lippert : Flora of the Allgäu and its surroundings. Volume 2, IHW, Eching 2004, ISBN 3-930167-61-1 , p. 713.
  3. ↑ Werner Greuter (2006+): Compositae (pro parte majore). - In: W. Greuter & E. von Raab-Straube (eds.): Compositae. Euro + Med Plantbase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity. Datasheet Hieracium lachenalii In: Euro + Med Plantbase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity.

Web links

Commons : Hieracium lachenalii  - collection of images, videos and audio files