Hildebert and Everwin

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Dedication sheet depicting the illustrators from the Horologium Olomucense
Illustration with self-portrait from the manuscript of De civitate Dei in Prague

Hildebert and Everwin (Latin Hildebertus and Everwinus ; * probably in the Rhineland ) were two illuminators who worked in Moravia in the 12th century .

Sphere of activity

The monk and illuminator Hildebert and its assistant Everwin were from Olomouc Bishop Henry Zdík to Olomouc appointed. It is possible that he met her on his pilgrimage to Palestine in 1137/1138. In Olomouc they created precious book illustrations of manuscripts. Two of the works they illustrate are among the oldest Bohemian manuscripts for which Hildebert and Everwin could be proven to be the creators by the art historian Antonín Friedl in 1925:

  • The Horologium Olomucense is a liturgical collection, which is also known as a breviary or liturgy of the hours . It was created at the beginning of the 1140s for the Olomouc cathedral chapter at the newly built St. Wenceslas Cathedral . It was stolen by the Swedes during the Thirty Years War and is now in the Royal Library of Stockholm . In the opinion of Antonín Friedl, the dedication image contained therein shows the inauguration of the Olomouc St. Wenceslas Cathedral on June 30, 1131.
  • Also on behalf of Bishop Zdík, the 5th century De civitate Dei des Augustine was copied in the Olomouc scriptorium and illustrated by Hildebert and Everwin. It was donated to Strahov Monastery by Bishop Zdík and is now in the library of the Prague Cathedral Chapter under the shelf number A XXI . One of the illustrations contained in this work shows a self-portrait of the master Hildebert in monk's robe chasing a mouse while Everwinus paints ornaments. The open book reads: “Pessime mus, saepius me provocas ad iram. Ut te deus perdat “( You angry mouse, you have often made me angry. God should destroy you ).

In his art-historical assessment, Antonín Friedl assigned both codices to the area of ​​the Salzburg School in 1925 , while the art historian Albert Boeckler proved that they belonged to the area of ​​the Cologne School in 1953.

literature

  • Antonín Friedl: Hildebert a Everwin, románští malíří (= Knihovna Kruhu pro pestování dejin umení vol. 1). Prague 1927.
  • Jan Bistřický , Stanislav Červenka: Olomoucké horologium / Horologium Olomucense. Kolektář biskupa Jindřicha Zdíka . Edited by Stanislav Červenka, Ivo Barteček and Thomáš Bistřický. Olomouc 2011, ISBN 978-80-244-2446-0
  • Ulrich Rehm : Better bread than mice! The image of Hildebertus and Everwinus as a visual specimen ; Prague, Library of the Metropolitan Chapter, Ms. A. XXI / 1, approx. 1140. In: Zeitschrift für Kunstgeschichte , 76 (2013), pp. 1–11. Digitized
  • Wolf-Dietrich Löhr: Hildebertus - self-portrait as a scribe with the assistant Everwinus , around 1140. In Ulrich Pfisterer and Valeska von Rosen (eds.): The artist as a work of art. Self-portraits from the Middle Ages to the present . Stuttgart 2005, pp. 26-27.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Information here after Jan Bistřický; other researchers give an earlier date.
  2. ↑ Self-portrait