Heinrich Zdik

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Heinrich Zdik

Heinrich Zdik (according to the list of bishops of Olomouc: Heinrich II. Zdik ; Czech: Jindřich Zdík ; * about 1080 ; † June 25, 1150 ) was Bishop of Olomouc .

Origin and career

Heinrich Zdik is said to have been a son of the Prague canon and historian Cosmas and his wife Božetěcha. Since the Prague bishop Daniel I , himself the son of the Prague canon Magnus, is referred to as Zdik's nephew, the sometimes assumed origin of Zdik from the Přemyslid family can be ruled out. Zdik had a comprehensive education that he had acquired at the Prague Episcopal School and probably also through studies at a foreign church school. He was one of the outstanding, politically clever personalities of his time.

Presumably around 1120 he was ordained a priest . His pilgrimage to the Holy Land is documented for the year 1123 .

Bishop of Olomouc

After the death of the Olomouc bishop Johannes II. Heinrich Zdik was elected as his successor on March 23, 1126. In the summer of that year he was in Worms to there by King Lothar the investiture gain. The episcopal ordination took place on October 3rd of the year by the Mainz Metropolitan Adalbert I. On the way back to his diocese, Zdik consecrated the St. George's Rotunda on the mountain Říp .

In Olomouc Zdik founded an important scriptorium in which liturgical books, theological and legal treatises, sermons, letters, etc. were created. For this purpose, templates were often used that Zdik had brought back from his travels from Jerusalem, Germany and Italy. Zdik's ecclesiastical and diplomatic work can be well understood from the numerous existing episcopal documents and documents. The richly illuminated Horologium Olomucense , which he commissioned and which is also known as “Collectae seu Horae” or “Breviarium Bohemicum”, is particularly valuable . It is a collection of liturgical texts that belong to the breviary or the Liturgy of the Hours .

During Zdik's tenure, the diocese was divided into six archdeaconates . The archdeacons belonged to the Olomouc cathedral chapter and resided in lordly castles. Zdik strove for the moral and intellectual education of the diocesan clergy and enlarged the episcopal library. In addition, he introduced the Gregorian reforms and initiated the creation of a codified inventory of goods for the Moravian Church. After Zdik had a church built in Blansko , which was part of the property of the Moravian Church, there were disputes with the Brno prince Vratislav .

In 1137/1138 Zdik made another pilgrimage to Palestine. There he accepted the rule of the Augustinians and confirmed the authenticity of a splinter of the Holy Cross . In 1139 he took part in the Second Lateran Council in Rome , where celibacy for priests was decided.

With a papal permission from January 31, 1141 Zdik undertook a mission campaign against the Prussians . After the company was unsuccessful, he soon returned to Olomouc. The St. Wenceslas Cathedral in Olomouc was probably completed in the second half of 1141 . Zdik had already received the unfinished building from Svatopluk's son Wenceslaus in 1130 and inaugurated it in 1131. It was now used as a cathedral instead of St. Peter's Church . At the same time, with the prior approval of the Mainz Metropolitan, the bishopric of St. Peter was moved to the outer bailey of St. Wenceslas Cathedral and a cathedral chapter was established with twelve canons . The chapter at St. Peter remained with four canons .

At the turn of the year 1141/1142 there was an uprising of the Moravian princes from the Přemyslid family ( Otto von Olmütz , Vratislav von Brno and Konrad II von Znojmo ) as well as other nobles against the Bohemian Duke Vladislav II. Zdik remained loyal to the Prague Duke and excommunicated the insurgents. After imposing an interdict on his diocese, he left it. He took part in the battle on Vysoká Mountain in Eastern Bohemia, which Vladislav was unsuccessful. While Vladislav and his followers went to the Roman-German King Konrad in Frankfurt / Main, Zdik sought help in Bavaria. There he consecrated the choir room and two altars of the monastery church of Windberg Monastery on May 21 and 22, 1142 , founded by the Counts of Bogen . Zdik's trip to Steinfeld in the Eifel, which is often mentioned in this context, is not documented.

After defeating the rebels, Vladislav finally joined Moravia to Bohemia in 1144. Bishop Zdik was able to return safely to Olomouc. His position was now strengthened, since the secular princes and the Moravian nobility had been deprived of their power over ecclesiastical goods and episcopal subjects.

In 1147 Zdik was supposed to go to Palestine on the papal mandate with the Second Crusade in order to settle the disputes between the French and German crusaders together with the papal legate . He should also be King Konrad III. move to take part in the negotiations on the union of the Western and Eastern Churches in Constantinople. This did not happen because Zdik took part in the so-called Wendenkreuzzug with Albrecht the Bear and Heinrich the Lion against the Elbe Slavs in the same year .

Heinrich Zdik died on June 25, 1150. His body was buried in the church of the Strahov Monastery, which he founded . From the Olomouc episcopal residence, which was built during his tenure, the northern wall with a number of windows is still preserved today. They are richly decorated with Romanesque ornaments.

Promotion of religious branches

Heinrich Zdik is considered a sponsor of numerous religious settlements in Bohemia and Moravia:

literature

Web links

predecessor Office successor
John II Bishop of Olomouc
1126–1150 		John III
personal data
SURNAME Heinrich Zdik
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Heinrich II. Zdik; Jindřich Zdík (Czech)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Bishop of Olomouc, founder of the monastery and crusader
DATE OF BIRTH around 1080
DATE OF DEATH June 25, 1150