Sedlec Monastery

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Former Cistercian monastery Sedlec
Monastery Church of the Assumption, February 2006
Monastery Church of the Assumption , February 2006
location Czech RepublicCzech Republic Czech Republic Bohemia
Insignia Cechicum.svg
Coordinates: 49 ° 57 '36 "  N , 15 ° 17' 25"  E Coordinates: 49 ° 57 '36 "  N , 15 ° 17' 25"  E
Serial number
according to Janauschek 		191
founding year 1142
Year of repopulation 1620
Year of re-dissolution 1783
Mother monastery Waldsassen Abbey
Primary Abbey Morimond Monastery

Daughter monasteries

Zbraslav Monastery (1292)
Skalice Monastery (1357)

Sedlec Monastery (German Sedlec Monastery ) is a former Cistercian monastery in Sedlec, a district of Kutná Hora in the Czech Republic . The monastery was the first Cistercian settlement in Bohemia .

The monastery church of the Assumption of Mary has been listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1995 .

history

With the consent of Duke Vladislav II , Prague Bishop Otto and Olomouc Bishop Heinrich Zdik , the Waldsassen Monastery founded the first Cistercian monastery in Bohemia in Sedlec in 1142 . The necessary land, a forest and swamp area on the Vrchlice , donated the noble Miroslav from the House of Wartenberg.

The monastery was settled in 1143 by monks from Waldsassen, who also appointed the first abbot. As a donation, the monastery received numerous subject villages in the area. After the death of the Bohemian King Přemysl Ottokar II , the monastery ran into economic difficulties. It flourished under Abbot Heinrich Heidenreich (1281-1320). It can mainly be traced back to the silver finds in the neighboring Kuttenberg , some of which were owned by the monastery. Probably for this reason it is said to have been the richest monastery in Bohemia in the first half of the 14th century. With the prosperity, the Sedletz abbot also gained political influence at the court of the Bohemian kings Wenceslaus II and Wenceslaus III. and John of Bohemia .

The Sedletz Monastery was the mother monastery of the Skalitz monastery near Kouřim and the Zbraslav monastery . It also owned the patronage rights over the Cistercian convents of the Frauental monastery near Deutschbrod and Altbrünn .

On April 24, 1421, the Sedletz monastery was attacked and burned down by the Hussites under their captain Jan Žižka . Numerous monks were killed. Before the attack, the monastery library in Klosterneuburg Abbey in Lower Austria was saved. Although the surviving monks returned to Sedletz in 1454, they had to join the Skalitz convent. A revival of monastic life only took place after the re-catholicization in Bohemia after 1620.

After the Thirty Years' War , the monastery experienced a second heyday in the course of the Counter Reformation , during which extensive construction work on the monastery buildings and the monastery church could take place, especially under Abbot Heinrich Snopek . However, during the Josephine Reforms , the monastery was closed in 1784 and its properties transferred to the Bohemian Religious Fund.

Monastery building

  • The monastery complex was originally built in the Romanesque style. It was rebuilt in Gothic style between 1280 and 1320 . After the destruction by the Hussites, the monastery complex was only rebuilt at the beginning of the 18th century. After the abolition of the monastery, a tobacco factory was operated in the former monastery buildings from 1812.
  • The monastery church of the Assumption of Mary , built as a five-aisled basilica in 1280–1330 and destroyed in 1421, was renovated in 1699–1707 in the Baroque-Gothic style according to plans by the architects Paul Ignaz Bayer (1700–1702) and Johann Blasius Santini-Aichel (1702–1708). The fresco “St. Trinity ”created in 1717 by Hans Jakob Steinfels . The paintings are by Michael Willmann , Johann Christoph Lischka and Peter Johann Brandl . After its desecration, the church was used as a warehouse. From 1806 it served as the parish church of Malin, which is now incorporated into Kutná Hora. A style-adjusting renovation took place in 1854–1857.
  • Only the portal and a side wall in today's parsonage have been preserved from the 14th-century Philippus and Jakobuskirche, which was demolished in 1817.
  • A Brotherhood of the Holy Sepulcher was bound to the All Saints Chapel (Kostel Všech svatých) in the cemetery area since 1389 . The building dates from around 1400, was rebuilt several times and in 1710 was given a baroque style by Johann Blasius Santini-Aichel. The Sedletz ossuary is located in the basement .

  • Central nave

  • Decoration of the ceiling vault

  • Staircase

  • Full body relic of St. Felix

literature

  • Bernard Peugniez : Le Guide Routier de l'Europe Cistercienne. Esprit des lieux, patrimoine, hotel business. Editions du Signe, Strasbourg 2012, ISBN 978-2-7468-2624-3 , p. 1080 f.
  • Štěpán Vácha: Antiquitatis illustrre monimentum. The restoration of the monastery church in Sedletz in the years 1700–1709. In: Umění. Vol. 56, No. 5, 2008, pp. 384-408.
  • Joachim Bahlcke , Winfried Eberhard , Miloslav Polívka (eds.): Handbook of historical places . Volume: Bohemia and Moravia (= Kröner's pocket edition . 329). Kröner, Stuttgart 1998, ISBN 3-520-32901-8 , pp. 564-565.
  • Jiří Kuthan: The medieval architecture of the Cistercians in Bohemia and Moravia. Deutscher Kunstverlag, Munich et al. 1982, ISBN 3-422-00738-5 , pp. 145–163.
  • Kateřina Charvátová, Dobroslav Líbal: Sedlec. In: Daniela Housková (ed.): Řád cisterciáků v českých zemích ve středověku. Sborník vydaný k 850. výročí založení kláštera v Plasech. Unicornis, Praha 1994, ISBN 80-901587-1-4 , pp. 38-43.
  • Franz Benesch, J. Zettl: The Church of Sedletz in Bohemia (according to reports by the kk conservator Franz Benesch and the kk engineer J. Zettl). In: Mittheilungen der kk Central-Commission. Vol. 1, 1856, pp. 25-26, ( PDF; 273 kB ) on Commons.

Web links

Commons : Sedlec Monastery  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Kutná Hora: Historical Town Center with the Church of St Barbara and the Cathedral of Our Lady at Sedlec on the website of the UNESCO World Heritage Center ( English and French ).
  2. ↑ a b c d Benesch, Zettl: The church at Sedletz in Bohemia. In: Mittheilungen der kk Central-Commission. Vol. 1, 1856, pp. 25-26, here p. 25.