Pohled Castle

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Pohled Castle

The Pohled Castle (German Frauental ; Czech also Frántal ) is located in the municipality of Pohled in the Okres Havlíčkův Brod in the Czech Republic .

history

Monastery of the loving women valley

The Vallis Sancta Mariae monastery located on the right bank of the Sázava was probably founded in 1265–1267. Several female members of the Witigonen are said to have been involved in the creation . In 1265 Uta, widow of Kuno von Kovaň, and her sister Ludmilla bought the village of Pňov from a knight Jaroslav. On October 17, 1267, they also bought the Pohled settlement from Smil von Lichtenburg and at the same time received patronage over the parish church of Sancta Mariae . Ottokar II Přemysl confirmed the spiritual settlement of Frauenthal on February 24, 1269 . At the same time he placed the Cistercian convent of the Dear Women Valley under his personal protection and handed it over to the care of his wife Kunigunde von Halitsch . In the same year Uta von Kovaň acquired the Jitkov farm and half of the village Walkersdorf for the benefit of the monastery. The papal confirmation of the monastery took place on August 5, 1271 by Gregory X. After the death of Ottokar II. 1278, the monastery was plundered by troops under Margrave Otto von Brandenburg during the power struggles in Bohemia and its gold and silver treasures were robbed. In 1300 the sisters returned and began to rebuild the desolate monastery.

In 1303 the monastery acquired the village of Bartoušov, in 1304 Simtany and in 1322 Dlouhá Ves and Cibotín. After a fire destroyed the entire complex in 1329, the Frauenthal monastery ( Frántal in Czech ) was again desolate until 1351. At the beginning of the 15th century, only ten villages belonged to the monastery property. Frauental was thus one of the poorest monasteries of the Cistercians in Bohemia and was subordinate to the Sedletz monastery near Kuttenberg , which also exercised the patronage rights.

When the Hussites under Jan Žižka inflicted a devastating defeat on the imperial troops outside Deutsch Brod on January 16, 1422 , the nuns fled the monastery. Shortly afterwards, the Hussites occupied the monastery and filled the cistern. However, taking away the livestock from the monastery courtyard, they moved away in the direction of Bartoušov. In 1424 Žižka's troops besieged the monastery again. After the ingestion, looting began, the nuns were raped because the food was said to have been poisoned, and the entire monastery was then burned down. Žižka died a few days later near Schönfeld , but it cannot be confirmed whether his death was due to poisoning.

It was not until 1479 that the monastery was mentioned again in a document about the delivery of fish, but its condition was still ruinous, because in the same year the abbess asked for papal support to restore the facilities, which she received in the form of indulgences. In 1486 the work was essentially completed and Vladislav II renewed the monastery with all of his rights. In 1522 Queen Maria of Hungary became the patroness of Frauenthal. Nikolaus Trčka von Lípa had the two-story prelature building built at this time. In 1528 Ferdinand I placed the Frauenthal Monastery under his protection and all Bohemian kings did so until the monastery was abolished.

During this time, Lutheran ideas spread among the sisters, some of whom lost their chastity or left the monastery and married. In 1557 the abbess gave herself to a tailor who was handed over to the executioner in Deutschbrod and beheaded despite her intercession. Even after that, the sinful life continued and the provost was powerless and took care of the maintenance of the monastery and church, which in 1618 had fallen so bad that building work was urgently needed. When the war broke out, there was no longer any money for it, as the estates had taken over the monastic property. A commissioner appointed by them was sent to Frauenthal to manage the monastery property. After the Battle of White Mountain , Ferdinand II returned all rights to the monastery in 1620.

In 1625 Ferdinand II left the confiscated goods Termeshöfen and Rauchstein to the monastery . The Olomouc Bishop Cardinal Franz Xaver von Dietrichstein , a close relative of the newly elected Abbess Susanna, played a decisive role in this expansion of the property . The bishop was also very generous financially towards the monastery and made it possible to acquire additional land and repair the buildings. After the conquest and sacking of Deutschbrod by the Swedish general Adam von Pfuel on November 13, 1639, the Swedes undertook a raid to Frauenthal and dragged away all supplies, cattle and horses. During this time two monastic fish ponds were created. After the victorious battle of Jankau in 1645, Swedish troops under Lennart Torstensson moved to Moravia in the direction of Frauenthal. Together with the provost, the six Cistercian women fled into the forests of the Saar mountains and found the convent devastated on their return .

In the course of the 18th century the monastery buildings were redesigned in the Baroque style, only the external shape of the monastery church was preserved. The monastery was spared from the plague epidemic of 1722. Two nuns and a servant of the provost died in a fire on November 17, 1772, and the entire farmyard was destroyed. On March 20, 1782, the Frauenthal monastery was abolished by the imperial decree of Joseph II and the Cistercian women left Frauenthal. Carmelites , whose monastery on Prague's Lesser Town had also been closed, lived in the buildings of the former monastery until 1792 . The monastic property was administered by the religious fund.

Since no buyer could be found, the monastery was then leased to the Iglauer textile manufacturer Johann Tost, who made women's skirts there.

Frauental / Pohled Castle

Castle Park

In 1807 Joseph Graf von Unwerth acquired the monastery including the goods Frauental, Termesify and Rouštany for 230,050 guilders. Unwerth had the monastery converted into a classical palace. Since he had no descendants, Unwert gave Frauental including the goods to his nephew Eugen Sylva-Taroucca in 1822. He had to sell the property in 1864 to cover debts.

Klothilde Countess Clam-Gallas , née Dietrichstein, became the new owner and paid 390,000 guilders and 500 gold ducats. This also shattered the plans of the abbess of the St. Marienthal monastery , who was also one of the prospective buyers and wanted to found a Cistercian monastery again in Frauental.

Countess Clam-Gallas, who had her seat on Polná , united the castle and the goods with her large estates in Polná and Přibyslav . After her death, the property fell to her two daughters, Countess Festeti, who lived in the castle, and Princess Khevenhüller . After the Second World War , the Countess fled and the castle with the goods was transferred to the National Land Fund in 1945. The claims of Count Zdeněk Rostislav Kinský and his wife from the Clam-Gallas family were rejected.

On September 21, 1949, the municipality of Pohled acquired the castle, including the property belonging to it, for 537,000 Czechoslovak crowns . The valuable furniture and interiors were moved to other castles that serve museum purposes.

In the 1980s a school was set up in the castle; the first floor is currently used as a primary school, while the school kitchen is on the ground floor. The castle including the outbuildings is registered as a cultural monument and is surrounded by a three-part 2.5 hectare park.

The property in need of renovation, which at the beginning of 2007 had an estimated value of 120 million Czech crowns , was offered for sale by the municipality in February 2007 for a price of 1.4 million euros. According to the community's ideas, the castle, which has a land area of ​​41,886 and a living space of 4,760 square meters, could in future serve as a company or family seat, hotel or sanatorium.

literature

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ After František Teplý: Dějiny města Jindřichova Hradce . Dílu I. svazek 1., Jindřichův Hradec 1927, p. 71, footnote 52b it was Katharina, Jítka and Barbara, daughters of Witiko II von Neuhaus .

Coordinates: 49 ° 36 ′ 12.1 ″  N , 15 ° 39 ′ 1.8 ″  E