Hisham II

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Abu l-Walid Hisham II. Al-Mu'ayyad bi-llah ( Arabic أبو الوليد هشام المؤيد بالله, DMG Abū l-Walīd Hišām al-Muʾaiyad bi-llāh ; *  966 ; † April 19, 1013 ) was the third caliph of Córdoba (976–1009; 1010–1013).

Dirham from the time of Hisham II (1002)

Life

In 976, at the age of 10, Hisham II succeeded his father al-Hakam II in the Caliphate of Cordoba . His mother Subh and Jafar al-Mushafi, the first minister, ruled for him. General Ghalib and Almansor (Abi Amir al-Mansur) prevented the eunuchs from placing a brother of al-Hakam II on the throne. Subh promoted Almansor and appointed him chamberlain of the caliphate. By 978 Almansor had also prevailed against General Ghalib and gained absolute power. Hisham II was ousted by the government and had no influence on politics. In 997 he even had to officially transfer sole government to Almansor. Under Almansor the caliphate reached its greatest extent and its greatest successes over the Christian empires.

After the death of Almansor (1002), his son Abd al-Malik (1002-1008) came to power, who strengthened his position in the empire with successful campaigns against Navarre and Barcelona , but through Abd ar-Rahman Sanchuelo (1008-1009) was killed. When he was overthrown by a popular uprising under Muhammad II al-Mahdi in 1009 , the rebels also deposed Hisham II. Under Muhammad II al-Mahdi and Sulaiman al-Mustain , Hisham II was incarcerated in Cordoba.

After the Umayyad caliphs Muhammad II al-Mahdi (1009) and Sulaiman al-Mustain (1009-1010) and again Muhammad II (1010) had swiftly alternated in the fighting between Berber and Arab troops and Christian mercenary troops, they continued Slave troops re-entered as caliph under al-Wahdid Hisham II (1010-1013).

But now Hisham II was under the dominant influence of al-Wahdid. Al-Wahdid did not succeed in getting the Berber troops under his control. Since they continued to support Sulayman as caliphs, the fighting for Cordoba continued . When the Berbers succeeded in conquering the city again in 1013, there was renewed heavy looting and destruction. The further fate of Hisham II is uncertain. He is said to have been killed by the Berbers on April 19, 1013. Sulaiman al-Mustain (1013-1016) prevailed again as caliph.

Like his father al-Hakam II, Hisham also had a male harem .

literature

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ E. Michael Gerli (ed.): Medieval Iberia: An Encyclopedia . Routledge, 2003, pp. 398 ( online in Google Book Search).
predecessor Office successor
al-Hakam II Caliph of Cordoba
976-1009 		Muhammad II al-Mahdi
Muhammad II al-Mahdi Caliph of Cordoba
1010-1013 		Sulayman al-Mustain
personal data
SURNAME Hisham II
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Abu l-Walid Hisham II al-Mu'ayyad bi-llah
BRIEF DESCRIPTION third caliph of Cordoba (976–1009; 1010–1013)
DATE OF BIRTH 966
DATE OF DEATH April 19, 1013