Heat pole
Coordinates: 36 ° 27 ′ 0 ″ N , 116 ° 51 ′ 0 ″ W.
The area of a planet with the highest (measured) temperatures is called the heat pole . The designation is an analogy to the cold pole , which together designate the temperature extremes .
The highest temperatures occur in the central tropics in the northern hemisphere , as the continuous daily evaporation of water in the inner tropics creates dense clouds that prevent extreme temperature fluctuations. Several of these heat poles form the heat equator at approximately similar isotherms . The radiation acts with the duration times the sine of the sun's height, and the latter is hardly less in the desert zones of the earth than at the equator , so that the thermal equator differs from the geographic equator.
Readings
Highest single measurements
The highest air temperature so far measured meteorologically was 56.7 ° C in Death Valley in California on July 10, 1913. The measurement location Greenland Ranch has since been to Furnace Creek Ranch renamed. However, this old measurement is not undisputed. According to Christopher C. Burt, the highest reliably measured air temperature was measured at the same measuring location on June 30, 2013 and was 54.0 ° C. The same or almost the same temperature has been measured several times in the 21st century at the same and different measuring locations, which additionally supports its plausibility and practically excludes a measurement error, unlike the measurement from 1913.
A reading of 58.0 ° C, which was recorded in Al-'Azīziyah (El Azizia) in Libya on September 13, 1922 during a sand storm, has since been rejected by the WMO .
A ground surface temperature of 70.7 ° C in the Iranian Lut desert was determined by satellite observation in 2005, but not measured meteorologically. The value was also rejected by the WMO. With the same method, soil surface temperatures of 50 ° C can also be detected in Germany.
Highest annual average temperature
The highest annual average temperature is in Dallol in Ethiopia with 34.4 ° C. Some regions in the south and southwest of Asia are also considered to be the hottest places on earth.
Heat poles on Mercury
On the planet Mercury there are actually two opposing heat poles, due to the 2: 3 resonance between orbital and rotation period and the strong eccentricity of Mercury's orbit: Near the perihelion , the angular speeds of the orbital and rotational movement are approximately the same, so that the sun has one Zenith above the same point for a long time .
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c World: Highest Temperature. (No longer available online.) World Meteorological Organization, archived from the original January 4, 2013 ; Retrieved July 21, 2013 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Axel Bojanowski : Temperature world map: satellites show the hottest places in the world. Der Spiegel, November 24, 2006
