High Bumblebee Ragwort
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High Bumblebee Ragwort ( Ophrys elatior ) |
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| Ophrys elatior | ||||||||||||
| Gumpr. ex Paul |
The Hohe Hummel-Ragwurz , also Hochwüchsige Hummel-Ragwurz or Hochwüchsige Ragwurz ( Ophrys elatior ) is a species of the genus of the Ragwurzen ( Ophrys ) within the family of the orchids (Orchidaceae). The Hohe Hummel-Ragwurz is currently (as of 2016) taxonomically controversial and is listed by various authors in the rank of a species or a subspecies; however, the flowering time, lip and habitus as well as a specific pollinator speak for an independent species.
description
Appearance and leaf
The Hohe Hummel-Ragwurz grows as a slender, perennial herbaceous plant . Flower shoots and leaf rosettes usually form almost simultaneously in summer. The rosette of leaves, which is usually withered at the time of flowering, has one to three leaves . The upright stem has a stature height of 20 to 90 centimeters and three to seven leaves. The lanceolate, blue-green stem leaves are 4 to 11 inches long.
Inflorescence and flower
The elongated, one-sided inflorescence contains two to thirteen flowers . The flowers are significantly smaller than those of the bumblebee ragwort . The zygomorphic flowers are threefold. The sepals (sepals) are pink to purple, 8 to 10 millimeters long and spread out laterally. The pink to purple petals (petals) are 3 to 3.5 millimeters long and have short hairs. The lip is spread out to 10 millimeters long and wide. The lip is dark brown, somewhat lighter at the edges and with a horizontal or upwardly curved appendage; it is clearly humped and hairy at the top.
Ecology and phenology
The pollinator of the Hohe Hummel-Ragwurz is the purple loosestrife longhorn bee ( Tetraloniella salicariae , syn .: Tetralonia salicariae , Eucera salicariae ).
The flowering period extends from the end of June to the beginning of September, the main flowering period is from mid-July to early August.
Occurrence
Since the 1960s, finds of this type have been reported - initially as a separate clan - in the Upper Rhine and southern Alsace. As far as is known today, the distribution includes a region on the Upper Rhine and in the upper Rhone Valley and Savoy, north to Strasbourg, south to Lyon. For 2013 16 sites are given. In Switzerland, according to current knowledge, it occurs only in the Allondon valley near Geneva and in the north of the canton of Zurich.
The name Ophrys elatior is also used for individuals from the Ophrys holosericea aggregate, which are widespread in central Italy, these have a different pollinator than those from the Upper Rhine and are probably a species of their own. Various names have been proposed for these, in addition to (unclearly delimited) Ophrys tetraloniae , the older name Ophrys serotina was reactivated for them. It was also described under the name Ophrys appennina Romolini & Soca . Overall, the number and demarcation of the small species from the species aggregate of the bumblebee is unclear and controversial, further species are constantly being described.
The Hohe Hummel-Ragwurz has so far only been found on semi -arid grassland .
Danger
Due to the few sites described, the Hohe Hummel-Ragwurz is probably rare and endangered in Germany , but since it has been documented as a subspecies in many places, this cannot currently be proven.
Taxonomy
The first publication of Ophrys elatior was by Reinhart Gumprecht in Hannes F. Paulus . Synonyms for Ophrys elatior Gumprecht ex Paulus are: Ophrys holosericea subsp. elatior gumpr. ex R.Engel & Quentin , Ophrys fuciflora subsp. elatior (Paulus) R.Engel & L.Quentin
The specific epithet is derived from the Latin word elatior for higher.
Individual evidence
- ↑ See Baumgartner, Harald: Rare observation of the pollinator of Ophrys elatior. In: Journal of European Orchids , Volume 48, Issue 1, June 2016, Ed. Working group Heimische Orchideen Baden-Württemberg, ISSN 0945-7909.
- ↑ Christian Dirwimmer, Georges Riehm (2013): Ophrys elatior Gumprecht ex HF Paulus, une orchidée d'été dans le paysage rhénan et rhodanien (seconde partie). L'Orchidophile 197: 103-104.
- ^ Description of Ophrys elatior at AGEO working group indigenous orchids Aargau .
- ↑ Hannes F. Paulus (2000): On the pollination biology of some Ophrys species in Istria (Croatia) with a description of Ophrys serotina ROLLI ex PAULUS spec. nov. from the Ophrys holoserica species group (Orchidaceae and Insecta, Apoidea). Reports from the local orchids working group 17 (2): 4–33.
- ↑ Rolando Romolini & Romieg Soca (2011): New species in Ophrys (Orchidaceae) to the Italian and French Florae. Journal of European Orchids 43 (4): 759-784.
