Bumblebee Ragwort

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Bumblebee Ragwort
Bumblebee Ragwort (Ophrys holoserica)

Bumblebee Ragwort ( Ophrys holoserica )

Systematics
Family : Orchids (orchidaceae)
Subfamily : Orchidoideae
Tribe : Orchideae
Sub tribus : Orchidinae
Genre : Ragwurzen ( Ophrys )
Type : Bumblebee Ragwort
Scientific name
Ophrys holoserica
( Burm. F. ) Greuter

The Hummel orchid ( Ophrys holoserica ) is a plant from the genus of Ragwurzen ( Ophrys ) within the family of orchid (Orchidaceae).

Description and ecology

Hummel-Ragwurz from Koppelstein
Bloom in detail

Vegetative characteristics

The bumblebee orchid is a slim but strong-growing perennial herbaceous plant . The four to seven basal, blue-green leaves are lanceolate with a length of 4 to 10 centimeters.

Inflorescence and flower

The loosely built inflorescence contains two to ten flowers . The hermaphrodite flower is zygomorphic and threefold. The flowers are variable in color and especially in drawing. The egg-shaped sepals (sepals) are about 10 to 14 mm long, spreading to a little backwards and mostly pink, rarely lighter. The pink to red petals are short, about 3 to 6 mm long. The trapezoidal lip is spread out 8 to 12 mm long and 12 to 18 mm wide, dark brown, humped, hairy on the edge and with large upturned appendages. There is a very richly structured mark in wine-red to gray-violet and brownish to yellow-green tones, framing the brownish basal field. The column is bluntly beaked, with red staminodial points in the scar area.

The most important pollinator of the species is the bee species Eucera longicornis , whose sex attractant ( insect pheromones ) imitates the flower, which also copies some optical and tactile key stimuli. The male bees try to copulate with the flower ( pseudo-population ) and get a packet of pollen attached. Other insects are occasionally attracted, but play only a minor role in pollination. These include a species of beetle, the garden leaf beetle .

Heyday

The flowering period extends from May to June. It appears earlier in the Mediterranean area .

Chromosome number

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 36.

Occurrence

Location and Sociology

Lean meadows , semi-arid grasslands , on bushy slopes and in sparse pine forests . On moderately dry soils, always on calcareous soils . The bumblebee ragwort is a species of the Mesobromion association, but also occurs in dry societies of the Molinion association. According to Baumann and Künkele , the species has the following altitude limits in the Alpine countries: Germany 80–900 meters, France 0–1280 meters, Switzerland 240–1350 meters, Austria 150–650 meters, Italy 5–1425 meters, Slovenia 20–680 meters. In Europe, the height limits are between 0 and 1450 meters. In Turkey, the species rises to 1550 meters.

distribution

Europe ( Mediterranean , sub-Mediterranean, north to southern England , western and central Germany , northern Bavaria , southeastern Austria ).

Systematics

This article or the following section is not adequately provided with supporting documents ( e.g. individual evidence ). Information without sufficient evidence could be removed soon. Please help Wikipedia by researching the information and including good evidence.

The first publication took place under the name (Basionym) Orchis holoserica Burm. f. by Nicolaas Laurens Burman . Synonyms for Ophrys holoserica (Burm. F.) Greut. are: Ophrys fuciflora (FWSchmidt) Moench , Ophrys arachnites Lam.

Ophrys : from gr. Ophrys = eyebrow; holoserica : from Latin holosericus = thickly silky-haired.

Depending on the author, there are subspecies and varieties, none of which are accepted by the international community program at the Royal Botanic Gardens WCSP :

  • Andros ragwurz ( Ophrys holoserica subsp. Andria (P.Delforge) Faurh .; Syn .: Ophrys fuciflora subsp. Andria (P.Delforge) Faurh. ): It occurs in the Aegean Sea. Eucera nigrescens was observed as a pollinator .
  • Apulian bumble bee ( Ophrys holoserica subsp. Apulica (O.Danesch & E. Danesch) Buttler ; Syn .: Ophrys fuciflora subsp. Apulica O.Danesch & E. Danesch ): It occurs in southern and eastern Italy and in southern Sicily . Tetralonia berlandi was observed as a pollinator .
  • Bianca ragwurz ( Ophrys holoserica subsp. Biancae (death.) Faurh. & HAPedersen , syn .: Ophrys fuciflora subsp. Biancae (death.) Faurh. , Ophrys oxyrrhynchos subsp. Biancae (death.) Galesi, Cristaudo & Maugeri ): Sie occurs in Sicily. Eucera euroa was observed as a pollinator .
  • Bornmüller's Ragwurz ( Ophrys holoserica subsp. Bornmuelleri (M.Schulze) H.Sund. , Syn .: Ophrys fuciflora subsp. Bornmuelleri (M.Schulze) B.Willing & E.Willing , Ophrys bornmuelleri, M.Schulze ): It comes from the east Mediterranean to northern Iraq. Eucera penicillata was observed as a pollinator .
  • White gloss orchid ( Ophrys holoserica . Subsp candica (E.Nelson ex Soó) Renz & Taubenheim , Syn .: Ophrys fuciflora subsp. Candica E.Nelson ex Soó , Ophrys candica (E.Nelson ex Soó) H.Baumann & Künkele ): It occurs from Sicily to southwest Turkey.
  • Chestermans Ragwurz ( Ophrys holoserica subsp. Chestermanii J.J.Wood , Syn .: Ophrys fuciflora subsp. Chestermanii (JJWood) H.Blatt & W.Wirth , Ophrys chestermanii (JJWood) Gölz & HRReinhard ): It occurs in southern Sardinia. Psithyrus vestalis was observed as a pollinator .
  • High bumblebee ragwurz ( Ophrys holoserica subsp. Elatior (Paulus) H.Baumann & Künkele , Syn .: Ophrys fuciflora subsp. Elatior (Paulus) R.Engel & P.Quentin ): It occurs from southern Germany to Istria . Is also viewed by some authors as a separate species: Ophrys elatior Paulus . According to Baumann and Künkele, the subspecies has the following altitude limits in the Alpine countries: Germany 160–240 meters, France 146–240 meters. Overall, the clan occurs at altitudes between 140 and 750 meters.
  • Ophrys holoserica subsp. grandiflora (H. Fleischm. & Soó) Faurh. (Syn .: Ophrys fuciflora subsp. Grandiflora (H.Fleischm. & Soó) Faurh. ): It occurs in southern Turkey and Cyprus.
  • Bumblebee Ragwort ( Ophrys holoserica subsp. Holoserica ): According to Baumann and Künkele, this subspecies has the following altitude limits in the Alpine countries: Germany 80–900 meters, France 0–1280 meters, Switzerland 240–1350 meters, Austria 150–650 meters, Italy 5 –1425 meters, Slovenia 20–680 meters. In Europe the subspecies rises to 1425 meters above sea level, in Turkey up to 1550 meters.
  • Lacaitas Ragwurz ( Ophrys holoserica subsp. Lacaitae (Lojac.) W. Rossi , Syn .: Ophrys fuciflora subsp. Lacaitae (Lojac.) Soó , Ophrys lacaitae Lojac. ): It occurs from Croatia and Italy to Malta . Eucera eucnemidea was observed as a pollinator .
  • Ophrys fuciflora subsp. oblita (Kreutz, Gügel & W. Hahn) Faurh., HAPedersen & SGChrist. , Ophrys oblita Kreutz, Gügel & W. Hahn : It occurs from southern Greece to Israel.
  • Sicilian Schnabel-Ragwurz ( Ophrys holoserica subsp. Oxyrrhynchos (death.) H.Sund. , Syn .: Ophrys fuciflora subsp. Oxyrrhynchos (death.) Soó , Ophrys oxyrrhynchos death. ): It occurs in southern Italy and Sicily.
  • Ophrys fuciflora subsp. pallidiconi Faurh. : It occurs in Turkey.
  • Small-drawn Bumblebee Ragwort ( Ophrys holoserica subsp. Parvimaculata (O.Danesch & E. Danesch) O.Danesch & E. Danesch , syn .: Ophrys fuciflora subsp. Parvimaculata O.Danesch & E. Danesch ): It occurs in southern Italy . Eucera nigrescens was observed as a pollinator .
  • Ophrys fuciflora var. Ziyaretiana (Kreutz & Ruedi Peter) Faurh. & HAPedersen : It occurs from southern Turkey to northern Israel.

Danger

Due to its relative rarity, the species is endangered in Germany . Larger occurrences exist in Baden-Württemberg (Upper Rhine, Alb) and in Rhineland-Palatinate / Saarland (Eifel / Mosel). Overall, however, a significant spread of the species has been observed in southern Germany in recent years ; it was thought to be extinct in northern Bavaria and Hesse , for example , but has recently been found again. They are also available in the Havelland / Berlin-Spandau city limits.

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Hannes F. Paulus: How insect males are deceived by orchid flowers - pollination tricks and evolution in the Mediterranean ragwort genus Ophrys . In: Denisia . tape 20 . also catalogs of the Upper Austrian provincial museums Neue Serie 66, 2007, p. 255–294 ( PDF on ZOBODAT ).
  2. ↑ a b Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas. 8th edition. Verlag Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 . Page 278.
  3. ↑ a b c d Helmut Baumann , Siegfried Künkele : "Orchidaceae". In: Oskar Sebald u. a .: The fern and flowering plants of Baden-Württemberg. 1st edition, Volume 8, pages 416-418. Verlag Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart 1998. ISBN 3-8001-3359-8
  4. ↑ Rafaël Govaerts (Ed.): Ophrys - data sheet at World Checklist of Selected Plant Families of the Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. - The names mentioned are not accepted there on November 25, 2016.
  5. ↑ a b c d e f g h i Helmut Baumann , Siegfried Künkele and Richard Lorenz: Orchids of Europe with adjacent areas . Verlag Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart, 2006, pages 146-204.

Web links

Commons : Hummel-Ragwurz ( Ophrys holoserica )  - Album with pictures, videos and audio files