Hormone sensitive lipase
| Hormone sensitive lipase | ||
|---|---|---|
| Properties of human protein | ||
| Mass / length primary structure | 1076 amino acids | |
| Isoforms | 2 | |
| Identifier | ||
| Gene name | LIPE | |
| External IDs | ||
| Enzyme classification | ||
| EC, category | 3.1.1.79 , lipase | |
| Response type | Cleavage of a fatty acid ester bond | |
| Substrate | Cholesterol ester, tri- / di- / monoacylglycerol + H 2 O | |
| Products | Cholesterol, diacyl / monoacyl / glycerine + fatty acid | |
| Occurrence | ||
| Homology family | HSL | |
| Parent taxon | Bilateral animals | |
| Orthologue | ||
| human | House mouse | |
| Entrez | 3991 | 16890 |
| Ensemble | ENSG00000079435 | ENSMUSG00000003123 |
| UniProt | Q05469 | P54310 |
| Refseq (mRNA) | NM_005357 | NM_001039507 |
| Refseq (protein) | NP_005348 | NP_001034596 |
| Gene locus | Chr 19: 42.4 - 42.43 Mb | Chr 7: 25.38 - 25.4 Mb |
| PubMed search | 3991 |
16890
|
The hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) is the enzyme , the stored fats in fat cells and Cholesterinester separated into its components and these so provides. The HSL is therefore of central importance for fat metabolism and the synthesis of steroid hormones . Due to its different activity - depending on the phosphorylation - it is also a starting point for the regulation of fat breakdown through signal cascades triggered by hormones , whereby catecholamines increase fat breakdown and insulin slows it down. HSL homologs can already be found in bilateral animals . In humans, it is located in fat cells and types of tissues that require cholesterol . This includes the islet cells of the pancreas , since there cholesterol is used for the process of insulin secretion.
Mice without HSL switch the energy production from lipid to carbohydrate in their skeletal muscles. The far-reaching changes in the metabolism of such mice suggest that fat breakdown products play a role as signaling molecules. Such mice are no longer able to obtain energy from their fat reserves. Studies suggest that the obesity observed in diabetes mellitus is due to insufficient breakdown of skeletal muscle fat by HSL. For these and other reasons, HSL is a target in the treatment of this disease.
Catalyzed reaction
+ H 2 O ⇒ 
+ fatty acid
Fatty acid is split off from an acylglycerol. Cholesterol esters, steroid fatty acid esters, retinyl esters and p-nitrophenyl esters are also accepted as substrates. HSL is therefore the lipase with the broadest spectrum of activity.
literature
- Kraemer FB, Shen WJ: Hormone-sensitive lipase: control of intracellular tri- (di-) acylglycerol and cholesteryl ester hydrolysis . In: J. Lipid Res . 43, No. 10, October 2002, pp. 1585-94. PMID 12364542 .
Individual evidence
- ↑ UniProt Q05469
- ↑ Larsson S, Wierup N, Sundler F, Eliasson L, Holm C: Lack of cholesterol mobilization in islets of hormone-sensitive lipase deficient mice impairs insulin secretion . In: Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. . 376, No. 3, November 2008, pp. 558-62. doi : 10.1016 / j.bbrc.2008.09.045 . PMID 18804448 .
- ↑ Pinent M, Hackl H, Burkard TR, et al : Differential transcriptional modulation of biological processes in adipocyte triglyceride lipase and hormone-sensitive lipase-deficient mice . In: Genomics . 92, No. 1, July 2008, pp. 26-32. doi : 10.1016 / j.ygeno.2008.03.010 . PMID 18572100 .
- ↑ Fernandez C, Hansson O, Nevsten P, Holm C, Klint C: Hormone-sensitive lipase is necessary for normal mobilization of lipids during submaximal exercise . In: Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab. . 295, No. 1, July 2008, pp. E179-86. doi : 10.1152 / ajpendo.00282.2007 . PMID 18492774 .
- ↑ Jocken JW, Blaak EE: Catecholamine-induced lipolysis in adipose tissue and skeletal muscle in obesity . In: Physiol. Behav. . 94, No. 2, May 2008, pp. 219-30. doi : 10.1016 / j.physbeh.2008.01.002 . PMID 18262211 .
- ↑ ExPASy: NiceZyme View of ENZYME: EC 3.1.1.79
Web links
- D'Eustachio / reactome.org: Hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) -mediated triacylglycerol hydrolysis