Hunold of Aquitaine

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Hunold (also Hunaldo, Hunoald and Chunoaldo ) was Duke of Aquitaine : His rule was marked by battles against the Franks for the independence of Aquitaine.

Revolt against the Carolingians

Hunold succeeded his father Eudo as duke in 735 . The death of Karl Martell in 741 then led him to join a number of nobles the following winter, including the dukes Theudebald and Odilo against his sons and heirs Karlmann and Pippin .

Karlmann and Pippin reacted quickly against the threatening encirclement. They took action against Hunold, captured 742 Bourges and destroyed Loches , but also agreed on the way back in Vieux-Poitiers how the father's inheritance should be divided up, eliminating their brother Grifo . When Karlmann and Pippin turned east in 743 to subdue their opponents on the other side of the Rhine, Hunold became active again, pushed north across the Loire , attacked Chartres and burned the city and cathedral to the ground. The reaction of the brothers, who in turn crossed the Loire southwards, caused Hunold to capitulate in 745. Pippin dictated the terms of the peace, took hostages and substantial compensation as security, and then withdrew from Aquitaine. Hunold gave up the ducal office and retired to a monastery on the Île de Ré . The new duke was his son Waifar .

Hunold (II.)

After Waifar was murdered 23 years later, still in the war against the Franks (June 2, 768) and Pippin died shortly afterwards (September 24, 768), Charlemagne had to intervene again in Aquitaine the following year, there again a Hunold, "in whom one can assume a relative (son?) of ... Duke Waifar", if not the former Duke himself who had become active again. Karl managed to put the rebels to flight, Hunold sought protection south of the Garonne at the Gascon Duke Lupus , but the latter handed him over when Karl threatened to invade Gascony. From then on, the Franks had Aquitaine administered by their own followers.

Sigebert von Gembloux reports in 771 that Hunold fled to Rome and from there to the Lombards , where he was killed in an accident a short time later by falling rocks. In the Histoire générale de Languedoc from 1730, which refers to Sigebert, Hunold died in 774 during the siege of Pavia by Charlemagne, when he was stoned by the population of the city who wanted to submit to the Franks.

literature

Footnotes

  1. ↑ "Hunaldo filio Eodonis", Annales Metenses 735, MGH SS I, p 325; "Chunoaldo duce filio Eudone", Fredegar , IV, Continuator, 25, MGH SS rer Merov II, p. 180
  2. ^ The Annales Petaviani (742), MGH SS 1, page 11, and the Annales mosellani (742), MGH SS 16, page 494, report that Karlmann 742 pulled alone against Hunold
  3. ↑ "Hunaldus, corona capitis Deposita et monachi voto promisso in monasterium quod est Radis Insola Situm intravit ...", Annales Mettenses priores 744
  4. ↑ Schieffer (1992), p. 72
  5. ↑ Kalckhoff (1987), p. 36
  6. ↑ "Hunaldus dux Aquitaniae Romam, quasi ibi persevaturus, venit; qui a Langobardos fugiens apostatavit, ibique non multo post lapidibus obrutus male periit", Chronica Sigeberti Gemblacensis monachi 771: MGH Scriptores in folio 6, Chronica et annales aevi; Ludwig Konrad Bethmann (1812–1867), who published Sigebert's chronicle, did not give a source for this information.
  7. ↑ 771: "Il est incertain si Charles après s'être saisi de la personne d'Hunold, l'emmena en France, ou s'il obligea de rentrer dans son monastère. Nous savons seulement que ce duc deux ans après être tombé au pouvoir de ce rois, passa en Italie sous pretexte d'aller finir ses jours à Rome dans la profession monastique qu'il avoit embrassée. Charlemagne favorisa peut-être son évasion pour se délivrer d'un ennemi extrêmement remuant, & des entreprises duquel avoit beaucoup à craindre. Hunold ne fit pas un long sejour à Rome, il en partit bientôt après & se retira auprès de Didier, alors ennemi de Charlemagne, dans le dessein sans doute de susciter à ce dernier de nouvelles affaires & se formenter la division qui etoit entre lui & le roi des Lombards. " [Source: Anast. biblioth. apud Duch., to. 2, p. 208, and Sigeb. Chron. P. 90] Then without citing the source: 773: "… il [Charlemagne] entra en Italie, & renferma enfin le roi des Lombards dans Pavie sa capitale or il assiega avec Hunold qui étoi à sa suite." 774: "La situation avantageuse de cette ville autant que la force de sa garnison firent durer ce siege pendant six mois. Il auroit continué plus long tems, malgré les efforts des François, sans la mortalité qui survint dans la place & qui fit périr la plus grande partie des habitans. Dans cette extrémité ceux-ci so voiant sans ressource, ennuyez d'ailleur des la longueur & des fatigues du siege, songerent à capituler. Hunold, qui voulut sans doute les en détourner, périt miserablement durant ce siege sous un grêle de pierres dont il fut assommé par le peuple de cette ville qui se soûmit enfin à Charlemagne. " Claude de Vic, Joseph Vaissète: Histoire générale de Languedoc, Volume I (1730), p. 428. The first source is the Historia Pontifica Anastasii Bibliothecarii , excerpts from André Duchesne , Historiae Francorum Scroptores, Volume 2, page 208: Fragmenta alia de rebus Pippini et Caroli M in Italia. Ex historia Pontifica Anastasij Bibliothecarij. In Vita Stephani III [Pope 768–772]: "* [Huius temporibus aduenit HVNALDUS Dux Aquitaniæ ad limina Apostolorum, ibique se perseueraturum promisit. Qui postmodum diabolica versutiâ fraude deceptus, votum frangens, Langobardos exediens * mal ligna sidhortans mer morte finiuit.] "with the marginal note:" * Sequentia non sunt in editis. "
predecessor Office successor
Eudo Duke of Aquitaine
735–745 		Waifar
personal data
SURNAME Hunold of Aquitaine
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Chunoaldo; Hunaldo; Hunoald
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Duke of Aquitaine and fighter against Carolingian supremacy
DATE OF BIRTH 7th century or 8th century
DATE OF DEATH 8th century